#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>


/**
 * Convert all std::strings to const char* using constexpr if (C++17)
 */
template<typename T>
auto convert(T&& t) {
  if constexpr (std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>, std::string>::value) {
    return std::forward<T>(t).c_str();
  }
  else {
    return std::forward<T>(t);
  }
}

/**
 * printf like formatting for C++ with std::string
 * Original source: https://stackoverflow.com/a/26221725/11722
 */
template<typename ... Args>
std::string stringFormatInternal(const std::string& format, Args&& ... args)
{
  size_t size = snprintf(nullptr, 0, format.c_str(), std::forward<Args>(args) ...) + 1;
  if( size <= 0 ){ throw std::runtime_error( "Error during formatting." ); }
  std::unique_ptr<char[]> buf(new char[size]);
  snprintf(buf.get(), size, format.c_str(), args ...);
  return std::string(buf.get(), buf.get() + size - 1);
}

template<typename ... Args>
std::string stringFormat(std::string fmt, Args&& ... args) {
  return stringFormatInternal(fmt, convert(std::forward<Args>(args))...);
}

int main() {

  std::string s = "a";
  const std::string cs = "b";
  const char* cc = "c";

  int i = 1;
  const int i2 = 2;

  using namespace std::literals;
  std::cout << stringFormat("%s %s %s %s %s %d %d %d \n", s, cs, cc, "d", "e"s, i, i2, 3);

  return 0;
}