function Stop-Thread
{
    <# 
    
    .SYNOPSIS 
    
    Terminates a specified Thread. 

    .DESCRIPTION

    The Stop-Thread function can stop an individual thread in a process. This is quite useful in situations where code injection (dll injection) techniques have been used by attackers. If an attacker runs their malicious code in a thread within a critical process, then Stop-Thread can kill the malicious thread without hurting the critical process.

    .NOTES

    Author - Jared Atkinson (@jaredcatkinson)

    .EXAMPLE 
    
    PS > Stop-Thread -ThreadId 1776 

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0)]
        [UInt32]
        $ThreadId
    )
    
    $hThread = OpenThread -ThreadId $ThreadId -DesiredAccess THREAD_TERMINATE
    TerminateThread -ThreadHandle $hThread
    CloseHandle -Handle $hThread
}

#region PSReflect

function New-InMemoryModule
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS

Creates an in-memory assembly and module

Author: Matthew Graeber (@mattifestation)
License: BSD 3-Clause
Required Dependencies: None
Optional Dependencies: None
 
.DESCRIPTION

When defining custom enums, structs, and unmanaged functions, it is
necessary to associate to an assembly module. This helper function
creates an in-memory module that can be passed to the 'enum',
'struct', and Add-Win32Type functions.

.PARAMETER ModuleName

Specifies the desired name for the in-memory assembly and module. If
ModuleName is not provided, it will default to a GUID.

.EXAMPLE

$Module = New-InMemoryModule -ModuleName Win32
#>

    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Position = 0)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [String]
        $ModuleName = [Guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
    )

    $AppDomain = [Reflection.Assembly].Assembly.GetType('System.AppDomain').GetProperty('CurrentDomain').GetValue($null, @())
    $LoadedAssemblies = $AppDomain.GetAssemblies()

    foreach ($Assembly in $LoadedAssemblies) {
        if ($Assembly.FullName -and ($Assembly.FullName.Split(',')[0] -eq $ModuleName)) {
            return $Assembly
        }
    }

    $DynAssembly = New-Object Reflection.AssemblyName($ModuleName)
    $Domain = $AppDomain
    $AssemblyBuilder = $Domain.DefineDynamicAssembly($DynAssembly, 'Run')
    $ModuleBuilder = $AssemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule($ModuleName, $False)

    return $ModuleBuilder
}

# A helper function used to reduce typing while defining function
# prototypes for Add-Win32Type.
function func
{
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $True)]
        [String]
        $DllName,

        [Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $True)]
        [string]
        $FunctionName,

        [Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $True)]
        [Type]
        $ReturnType,

        [Parameter(Position = 3)]
        [Type[]]
        $ParameterTypes,

        [Parameter(Position = 4)]
        [Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention]
        $NativeCallingConvention,

        [Parameter(Position = 5)]
        [Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet]
        $Charset,

        [String]
        $EntryPoint,

        [Switch]
        $SetLastError
    )

    $Properties = @{
        DllName = $DllName
        FunctionName = $FunctionName
        ReturnType = $ReturnType
    }

    if ($ParameterTypes) { $Properties['ParameterTypes'] = $ParameterTypes }
    if ($NativeCallingConvention) { $Properties['NativeCallingConvention'] = $NativeCallingConvention }
    if ($Charset) { $Properties['Charset'] = $Charset }
    if ($SetLastError) { $Properties['SetLastError'] = $SetLastError }
    if ($EntryPoint) { $Properties['EntryPoint'] = $EntryPoint }

    New-Object PSObject -Property $Properties
}

function Add-Win32Type
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS

Creates a .NET type for an unmanaged Win32 function.

Author: Matthew Graeber (@mattifestation)
License: BSD 3-Clause
Required Dependencies: None
Optional Dependencies: func
 
.DESCRIPTION

Add-Win32Type enables you to easily interact with unmanaged (i.e.
Win32 unmanaged) functions in PowerShell. After providing
Add-Win32Type with a function signature, a .NET type is created
using reflection (i.e. csc.exe is never called like with Add-Type).

The 'func' helper function can be used to reduce typing when defining
multiple function definitions.

.PARAMETER DllName

The name of the DLL.

.PARAMETER FunctionName

The name of the target function.

.PARAMETER EntryPoint

The DLL export function name. This argument should be specified if the
specified function name is different than the name of the exported
function.

.PARAMETER ReturnType

The return type of the function.

.PARAMETER ParameterTypes

The function parameters.

.PARAMETER NativeCallingConvention

Specifies the native calling convention of the function. Defaults to
stdcall.

.PARAMETER Charset

If you need to explicitly call an 'A' or 'W' Win32 function, you can
specify the character set.

.PARAMETER SetLastError

Indicates whether the callee calls the SetLastError Win32 API
function before returning from the attributed method.

.PARAMETER Module

The in-memory module that will host the functions. Use
New-InMemoryModule to define an in-memory module.

.PARAMETER Namespace

An optional namespace to prepend to the type. Add-Win32Type defaults
to a namespace consisting only of the name of the DLL.

.EXAMPLE

$Mod = New-InMemoryModule -ModuleName Win32

$FunctionDefinitions = @(
  (func kernel32 GetProcAddress ([IntPtr]) @([IntPtr], [String]) -Charset Ansi -SetLastError),
  (func kernel32 GetModuleHandle ([Intptr]) @([String]) -SetLastError),
  (func ntdll RtlGetCurrentPeb ([IntPtr]) @())
)

$Types = $FunctionDefinitions | Add-Win32Type -Module $Mod -Namespace 'Win32'
$Kernel32 = $Types['kernel32']
$Ntdll = $Types['ntdll']
$Ntdll::RtlGetCurrentPeb()
$ntdllbase = $Kernel32::GetModuleHandle('ntdll')
$Kernel32::GetProcAddress($ntdllbase, 'RtlGetCurrentPeb')

.NOTES

Inspired by Lee Holmes' Invoke-WindowsApi http://poshcode.org/2189

When defining multiple function prototypes, it is ideal to provide
Add-Win32Type with an array of function signatures. That way, they
are all incorporated into the same in-memory module.
#>

    [OutputType([Hashtable])]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $True)]
        [String]
        $DllName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $True)]
        [String]
        $FunctionName,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $True)]
        [String]
        $EntryPoint,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $True)]
        [Type]
        $ReturnType,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $True)]
        [Type[]]
        $ParameterTypes,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $True)]
        [Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention]
        $NativeCallingConvention = [Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention]::StdCall,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $True)]
        [Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet]
        $Charset = [Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet]::Auto,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $True)]
        [Switch]
        $SetLastError,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]
        [ValidateScript({($_ -is [Reflection.Emit.ModuleBuilder]) -or ($_ -is [Reflection.Assembly])})]
        $Module,

        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [String]
        $Namespace = ''
    )

    BEGIN
    {
        $TypeHash = @{}
    }

    PROCESS
    {
        if ($Module -is [Reflection.Assembly])
        {
            if ($Namespace)
            {
                $TypeHash[$DllName] = $Module.GetType("$Namespace.$DllName")
            }
            else
            {
                $TypeHash[$DllName] = $Module.GetType($DllName)
            }
        }
        else
        {
            # Define one type for each DLL
            if (!$TypeHash.ContainsKey($DllName))
            {
                if ($Namespace)
                {
                    $TypeHash[$DllName] = $Module.DefineType("$Namespace.$DllName", 'Public,BeforeFieldInit')
                }
                else
                {
                    $TypeHash[$DllName] = $Module.DefineType($DllName, 'Public,BeforeFieldInit')
                }
            }

            $Method = $TypeHash[$DllName].DefineMethod(
                $FunctionName,
                'Public,Static,PinvokeImpl',
                $ReturnType,
                $ParameterTypes)

            # Make each ByRef parameter an Out parameter
            $i = 1
            foreach($Parameter in $ParameterTypes)
            {
                if ($Parameter.IsByRef)
                {
                    [void] $Method.DefineParameter($i, 'Out', $null)
                }

                $i++
            }

            $DllImport = [Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute]
            $SetLastErrorField = $DllImport.GetField('SetLastError')
            $CallingConventionField = $DllImport.GetField('CallingConvention')
            $CharsetField = $DllImport.GetField('CharSet')
            $EntryPointField = $DllImport.GetField('EntryPoint')
            if ($SetLastError) { $SLEValue = $True } else { $SLEValue = $False }

            if ($PSBoundParameters['EntryPoint']) { $ExportedFuncName = $EntryPoint } else { $ExportedFuncName = $FunctionName }

            # Equivalent to C# version of [DllImport(DllName)]
            $Constructor = [Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute].GetConstructor([String])
            $DllImportAttribute = New-Object Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder($Constructor,
                $DllName, [Reflection.PropertyInfo[]] @(), [Object[]] @(),
                [Reflection.FieldInfo[]] @($SetLastErrorField,
                                           $CallingConventionField,
                                           $CharsetField,
                                           $EntryPointField),
                [Object[]] @($SLEValue,
                             ([Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention] $NativeCallingConvention),
                             ([Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet] $Charset),
                             $ExportedFuncName))

            $Method.SetCustomAttribute($DllImportAttribute)
        }
    }

    END
    {
        if ($Module -is [Reflection.Assembly])
        {
            return $TypeHash
        }

        $ReturnTypes = @{}

        foreach ($Key in $TypeHash.Keys)
        {
            $Type = $TypeHash[$Key].CreateType()
            
            $ReturnTypes[$Key] = $Type
        }

        return $ReturnTypes
    }
}

function psenum
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS

Creates an in-memory enumeration for use in your PowerShell session.

Author: Matthew Graeber (@mattifestation)
License: BSD 3-Clause
Required Dependencies: None
Optional Dependencies: None
 
.DESCRIPTION

The 'psenum' function facilitates the creation of enums entirely in
memory using as close to a "C style" as PowerShell will allow.

.PARAMETER Module

The in-memory module that will host the enum. Use
New-InMemoryModule to define an in-memory module.

.PARAMETER FullName

The fully-qualified name of the enum.

.PARAMETER Type

The type of each enum element.

.PARAMETER EnumElements

A hashtable of enum elements.

.PARAMETER Bitfield

Specifies that the enum should be treated as a bitfield.

.EXAMPLE

$Mod = New-InMemoryModule -ModuleName Win32

$ImageSubsystem = psenum $Mod PE.IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM UInt16 @{
    UNKNOWN =                  0
    NATIVE =                   1 # Image doesn't require a subsystem.
    WINDOWS_GUI =              2 # Image runs in the Windows GUI subsystem.
    WINDOWS_CUI =              3 # Image runs in the Windows character subsystem.
    OS2_CUI =                  5 # Image runs in the OS/2 character subsystem.
    POSIX_CUI =                7 # Image runs in the Posix character subsystem.
    NATIVE_WINDOWS =           8 # Image is a native Win9x driver.
    WINDOWS_CE_GUI =           9 # Image runs in the Windows CE subsystem.
    EFI_APPLICATION =          10
    EFI_BOOT_SERVICE_DRIVER =  11
    EFI_RUNTIME_DRIVER =       12
    EFI_ROM =                  13
    XBOX =                     14
    WINDOWS_BOOT_APPLICATION = 16
}

.NOTES

PowerShell purists may disagree with the naming of this function but
again, this was developed in such a way so as to emulate a "C style"
definition as closely as possible. Sorry, I'm not going to name it
New-Enum. :P
#>

    [OutputType([Type])]
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $True)]
        [ValidateScript({($_ -is [Reflection.Emit.ModuleBuilder]) -or ($_ -is [Reflection.Assembly])})]
        $Module,

        [Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $True)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [String]
        $FullName,

        [Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $True)]
        [Type]
        $Type,

        [Parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory = $True)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Hashtable]
        $EnumElements,

        [Switch]
        $Bitfield
    )

    if ($Module -is [Reflection.Assembly])
    {
        return ($Module.GetType($FullName))
    }

    $EnumType = $Type -as [Type]

    $EnumBuilder = $Module.DefineEnum($FullName, 'Public', $EnumType)

    if ($Bitfield)
    {
        $FlagsConstructor = [FlagsAttribute].GetConstructor(@())
        $FlagsCustomAttribute = New-Object Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder($FlagsConstructor, @())
        $EnumBuilder.SetCustomAttribute($FlagsCustomAttribute)
    }

    foreach ($Key in $EnumElements.Keys)
    {
        # Apply the specified enum type to each element
        $null = $EnumBuilder.DefineLiteral($Key, $EnumElements[$Key] -as $EnumType)
    }

    $EnumBuilder.CreateType()
}

# A helper function used to reduce typing while defining struct
# fields.
function field
{
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $True)]
        [UInt16]
        $Position,
        
        [Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $True)]
        [Type]
        $Type,
        
        [Parameter(Position = 2)]
        [UInt16]
        $Offset,
        
        [Object[]]
        $MarshalAs
    )

    @{
        Position = $Position
        Type = $Type -as [Type]
        Offset = $Offset
        MarshalAs = $MarshalAs
    }
}

function struct
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS

Creates an in-memory struct for use in your PowerShell session.

Author: Matthew Graeber (@mattifestation)
License: BSD 3-Clause
Required Dependencies: None
Optional Dependencies: field
 
.DESCRIPTION

The 'struct' function facilitates the creation of structs entirely in
memory using as close to a "C style" as PowerShell will allow. Struct
fields are specified using a hashtable where each field of the struct
is comprosed of the order in which it should be defined, its .NET
type, and optionally, its offset and special marshaling attributes.

One of the features of 'struct' is that after your struct is defined,
it will come with a built-in GetSize method as well as an explicit
converter so that you can easily cast an IntPtr to the struct without
relying upon calling SizeOf and/or PtrToStructure in the Marshal
class.

.PARAMETER Module

The in-memory module that will host the struct. Use
New-InMemoryModule to define an in-memory module.

.PARAMETER FullName

The fully-qualified name of the struct.

.PARAMETER StructFields

A hashtable of fields. Use the 'field' helper function to ease
defining each field.

.PARAMETER PackingSize

Specifies the memory alignment of fields.

.PARAMETER ExplicitLayout

Indicates that an explicit offset for each field will be specified.

.EXAMPLE

$Mod = New-InMemoryModule -ModuleName Win32

$ImageDosSignature = psenum $Mod PE.IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE UInt16 @{
    DOS_SIGNATURE =    0x5A4D
    OS2_SIGNATURE =    0x454E
    OS2_SIGNATURE_LE = 0x454C
    VXD_SIGNATURE =    0x454C
}

$ImageDosHeader = struct $Mod PE.IMAGE_DOS_HEADER @{
    e_magic =    field 0 $ImageDosSignature
    e_cblp =     field 1 UInt16
    e_cp =       field 2 UInt16
    e_crlc =     field 3 UInt16
    e_cparhdr =  field 4 UInt16
    e_minalloc = field 5 UInt16
    e_maxalloc = field 6 UInt16
    e_ss =       field 7 UInt16
    e_sp =       field 8 UInt16
    e_csum =     field 9 UInt16
    e_ip =       field 10 UInt16
    e_cs =       field 11 UInt16
    e_lfarlc =   field 12 UInt16
    e_ovno =     field 13 UInt16
    e_res =      field 14 UInt16[] -MarshalAs @('ByValArray', 4)
    e_oemid =    field 15 UInt16
    e_oeminfo =  field 16 UInt16
    e_res2 =     field 17 UInt16[] -MarshalAs @('ByValArray', 10)
    e_lfanew =   field 18 Int32
}

# Example of using an explicit layout in order to create a union.
$TestUnion = struct $Mod TestUnion @{
    field1 = field 0 UInt32 0
    field2 = field 1 IntPtr 0
} -ExplicitLayout

.NOTES

PowerShell purists may disagree with the naming of this function but
again, this was developed in such a way so as to emulate a "C style"
definition as closely as possible. Sorry, I'm not going to name it
New-Struct. :P
#>

    [OutputType([Type])]
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $True)]
        [ValidateScript({($_ -is [Reflection.Emit.ModuleBuilder]) -or ($_ -is [Reflection.Assembly])})]
        $Module,

        [Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $True)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [String]
        $FullName,

        [Parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory = $True)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Hashtable]
        $StructFields,

        [Reflection.Emit.PackingSize]
        $PackingSize = [Reflection.Emit.PackingSize]::Unspecified,

        [Switch]
        $ExplicitLayout
    )

    if ($Module -is [Reflection.Assembly])
    {
        return ($Module.GetType($FullName))
    }

    [Reflection.TypeAttributes] $StructAttributes = 'AnsiClass,
        Class,
        Public,
        Sealed,
        BeforeFieldInit'

    if ($ExplicitLayout)
    {
        $StructAttributes = $StructAttributes -bor [Reflection.TypeAttributes]::ExplicitLayout
    }
    else
    {
        $StructAttributes = $StructAttributes -bor [Reflection.TypeAttributes]::SequentialLayout
    }

    $StructBuilder = $Module.DefineType($FullName, $StructAttributes, [ValueType], $PackingSize)
    $ConstructorInfo = [Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAsAttribute].GetConstructors()[0]
    $SizeConst = @([Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAsAttribute].GetField('SizeConst'))

    $Fields = New-Object Hashtable[]($StructFields.Count)

    # Sort each field according to the orders specified
    # Unfortunately, PSv2 doesn't have the luxury of the
    # hashtable [Ordered] accelerator.
    foreach ($Field in $StructFields.Keys)
    {
        $Index = $StructFields[$Field]['Position']
        $Fields[$Index] = @{FieldName = $Field; Properties = $StructFields[$Field]}
    }

    foreach ($Field in $Fields)
    {
        $FieldName = $Field['FieldName']
        $FieldProp = $Field['Properties']

        $Offset = $FieldProp['Offset']
        $Type = $FieldProp['Type']
        $MarshalAs = $FieldProp['MarshalAs']

        $NewField = $StructBuilder.DefineField($FieldName, $Type, 'Public')

        if ($MarshalAs)
        {
            $UnmanagedType = $MarshalAs[0] -as ([Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType])
            if ($MarshalAs[1])
            {
                $Size = $MarshalAs[1]
                $AttribBuilder = New-Object Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder($ConstructorInfo,
                    $UnmanagedType, $SizeConst, @($Size))
            }
            else
            {
                $AttribBuilder = New-Object Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder($ConstructorInfo, [Object[]] @($UnmanagedType))
            }
            
            $NewField.SetCustomAttribute($AttribBuilder)
        }

        if ($ExplicitLayout) { $NewField.SetOffset($Offset) }
    }

    # Make the struct aware of its own size.
    # No more having to call [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf!
    $SizeMethod = $StructBuilder.DefineMethod('GetSize',
        'Public, Static',
        [Int],
        [Type[]] @())
    $ILGenerator = $SizeMethod.GetILGenerator()
    # Thanks for the help, Jason Shirk!
    $ILGenerator.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Ldtoken, $StructBuilder)
    $ILGenerator.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Call,
        [Type].GetMethod('GetTypeFromHandle'))
    $ILGenerator.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Call,
        [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal].GetMethod('SizeOf', [Type[]] @([Type])))
    $ILGenerator.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Ret)

    # Allow for explicit casting from an IntPtr
    # No more having to call [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure!
    $ImplicitConverter = $StructBuilder.DefineMethod('op_Implicit',
        'PrivateScope, Public, Static, HideBySig, SpecialName',
        $StructBuilder,
        [Type[]] @([IntPtr]))
    $ILGenerator2 = $ImplicitConverter.GetILGenerator()
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Nop)
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Ldarg_0)
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Ldtoken, $StructBuilder)
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Call,
        [Type].GetMethod('GetTypeFromHandle'))
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Call,
        [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal].GetMethod('PtrToStructure', [Type[]] @([IntPtr], [Type])))
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Unbox_Any, $StructBuilder)
    $ILGenerator2.Emit([Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]::Ret)

    $StructBuilder.CreateType()
}

#endregion PSReflect

#region PSReflect Definitions (Thread)

$Module = New-InMemoryModule -ModuleName StopThread

#region Enums
$THREAD_ACCESS = psenum $Module THREAD_ACCESS UInt32 @{
    THREAD_TERMINATE                 = 0x00000001
    THREAD_SUSPEND_RESUME            = 0x00000002
    THREAD_GET_CONTEXT               = 0x00000008
    THREAD_SET_CONTEXT               = 0x00000010
    THREAD_SET_INFORMATION           = 0x00000020
    THREAD_QUERY_INFORMATION         = 0x00000040
    THREAD_SET_THREAD_TOKEN          = 0x00000080
    THREAD_IMPERSONATE               = 0x00000100
    THREAD_DIRECT_IMPERSONATION      = 0x00000200
    THREAD_SET_LIMITED_INFORMATION   = 0x00000400
    THREAD_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION = 0x00000800
    DELETE                           = 0x00010000
    READ_CONTROL                     = 0x00020000
    WRITE_DAC                        = 0x00040000
    WRITE_OWNER                      = 0x00080000
    SYNCHRONIZE                      = 0x00100000
    THREAD_ALL_ACCESS                = 0x001f0ffb
} -Bitfield
#endregion Enums

#region Function Definitions
$FunctionDefinitions = @(
    (func kernel32 CloseHandle ([bool]) @(
        [IntPtr]                                  #_In_ HANDLE hObject
    ) -SetLastError),

    (func kernel32 OpenThread ([IntPtr]) @(
        [UInt32],                                  #_In_ DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
        [bool],                                    #_In_ BOOL  bInheritHandle,
        [UInt32]                                   #_In_ DWORD dwThreadId
    ) -SetLastError),
    
    (func kernel32 TerminateThread ([bool]) @(
        [IntPtr],                                  # _InOut_ HANDLE hThread
        [UInt32]                                   # _In_ DWORD dwExitCode
    ) -SetLastError)
)

$Types = $FunctionDefinitions | Add-Win32Type -Module $Module -Namespace 'StopThread'
$Kernel32 = $Types['kernel32']
#endregion Function Definitions
#endregion PSReflect Definitions (Thread)

#region Win32 API Abstractions

function CloseHandle
{
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS

    Closes an open object handle.

    .DESCRIPTION

    The CloseHandle function closes handles to the following objects:
    - Access token
    - Communications device
    - Console input
    - Console screen buffer
    - Event
    - File
    - File mapping
    - I/O completion port
    - Job
    - Mailslot
    - Memory resource notification
    - Mutex
    - Named pipe
    - Pipe
    - Process
    - Semaphore
    - Thread
    - Transaction
    - Waitable timer
    
    The documentation for the functions that create these objects indicates that CloseHandle should be used when you are finished with the object, and what happens to pending operations on the object after the handle is closed. In general, CloseHandle invalidates the specified object handle, decrements the object's handle count, and performs object retention checks. After the last handle to an object is closed, the object is removed from the system. 

    .PARAMETER Handle

    A valid handle to an open object.

    .NOTES

    Author: Jared Atkinson (@jaredcatkinson)
    License: BSD 3-Clause
    Required Dependencies: PSReflect
    Optional Dependencies: None
    
    (func kernel32 CloseHandle ([bool]) @(
        [IntPtr] #_In_ HANDLE hObject
    ) -EntryPoint CloseHandle -SetLastError)

    .LINK

    https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724211(v=vs.85).aspx

    .EXAMPLE
    #>

    param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [IntPtr]
        $Handle    
    )
    
    $SUCCESS = $Kernel32::CloseHandle($Handle); $LastError = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error()

    if(-not $SUCCESS) 
    {
        Write-Debug "CloseHandle Error: $(([ComponentModel.Win32Exception] $LastError).Message)"
    }
}

function OpenThread
{
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS

    Opens an existing thread object.

    .DESCRIPTION

    The handle returned by OpenThread can be used in any function that requires a handle to a thread, such as the wait functions, provided you requested the appropriate access rights. The handle is granted access to the thread object only to the extent it was specified in the dwDesiredAccess parameter.
    When you are finished with the handle, be sure to close it by using the CloseHandle function.

    .PARAMETER ThreadId

    The identifier of the thread to be opened.

    .PARAMETER DesiredAccess

    The access to the thread object. This access right is checked against the security descriptor for the thread. This parameter can be one or more of the thread access rights.
    If the caller has enabled the SeDebugPrivilege privilege, the requested access is granted regardless of the contents of the security descriptor.

    .PARAMETER InheritHandle

    If this value is TRUE, processes created by this process will inherit the handle. Otherwise, the processes do not inherit this handle.
    
    .NOTES
    
    Author: Jared Atkinson (@jaredcatkinson)
    License: BSD 3-Clause
    Required Dependencies: PSReflect
    Optional Dependencies: THREAD_ACCESS (Enumeration)

    (func kernel32 OpenThread ([IntPtr]) @(
        [UInt32], #_In_ DWORD dwDesiredAccess
        [bool],   #_In_ BOOL  bInheritHandle
        [UInt32]  #_In_ DWORD dwThreadId
    ) -EntryPoint OpenThread -SetLastError)
        
    .LINK

    https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms684335(v=vs.85).aspx
    
    .LINK

    https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms686769(v=vs.85).aspx

    .EXAMPLE
    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [UInt32]
        $ThreadId,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateSet('THREAD_TERMINATE','THREAD_SUSPEND_RESUME','THREAD_GET_CONTEXT','THREAD_SET_CONTEXT','THREAD_SET_INFORMATION','THREAD_QUERY_INFORMATION','THREAD_SET_THREAD_TOKEN','THREAD_IMPERSONATE','THREAD_DIRECT_IMPERSONATION','THREAD_SET_LIMITED_INFORMATION','THREAD_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION','DELETE','READ_CONTROL','WRITE_DAC','WRITE_OWNER','SYNCHRONIZE','THREAD_ALL_ACCESS')]
        [string[]]
        $DesiredAccess,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [bool]
        $InheritHandle = $false
    )
    
    # Calculate Desired Access Value
    $dwDesiredAccess = 0
    
    foreach($val in $DesiredAccess)
    {
        $dwDesiredAccess = $dwDesiredAccess -bor $THREAD_ACCESS::$val
    }

    $hThread = $Kernel32::OpenThread($dwDesiredAccess, $InheritHandle, $ThreadId); $LastError = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error()

    if($hThread -eq 0) 
    {
        throw "OpenThread Error: $(([ComponentModel.Win32Exception] $LastError).Message)"
    }
    
    Write-Output $hThread
}

function TerminateThread
{
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS

    Terminates a thread.

    .DESCRIPTION

    TerminateThread is used to cause a thread to exit. When this occurs, the target thread has no chance to execute any user-mode code. DLLs attached to the thread are not notified that the thread is terminating. The system frees the thread's initial stack.

    .PARAMETER ThreadHandle

    A handle to the thread to be terminated.

    The handle must have the THREAD_TERMINATE access right. 
    
    .PARAMETER ExitCode
    
    The exit code for the thread. This thread's exit code will be set to this value upon termination.

    .NOTES
    
    Author: Jared Atkinson (@jaredcatkinson)
    License: BSD 3-Clause
    Required Dependencies: PSReflect
    Optional Dependencies: None

    (func kernel32 TerminateThread ([bool]) @(
        [IntPtr], # _InOut_ HANDLE hThread
        [UInt32]  # _In_ DWORD dwExitCode
    ) -EntryPoint TerminateThread -SetLastError)
        
    .LINK

    https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms686717(v=vs.85).aspx
    
    .LINK

    https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms686769(v=vs.85).aspx

    .EXAMPLE
    #>

    param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [IntPtr]
        $ThreadHandle,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [UInt32]
        $ExitCode = 0
    )
    
    $Success = $Kernel32::TerminateThread($ThreadHandle, $ExitCode); $LastError = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error()

    if(-not $Success) 
    {
        Write-Debug "TerminateThread Error: $(([ComponentModel.Win32Exception] $LastError).Message)"
    }
}

#endregion Win32 API Abstractions