var original = ['hello', 'there', 'i', 'am', 'Manish'] var copy1 = original.slice(0); var copy2 = [...original] var deepCopy = [["firstArray", ["innerArray"]]] var shallowCopy = deepCopy[0] //shallowCopy[0] = "hello" //console.log(shallowCopy[0]); var allCopy = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(deepCopy)) allCopy[0].push("addOne") let deepCopyMap = deepCopy.map(x => x); //console.log(deepCopy); //console.log(deepCopyMap); const nested = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]; flat = nested.flat() console.log(nested) console.log(flat)