import Foundation

fileprivate enum StdStream {
    case out
    case err

    fileprivate var fileDescriptor: FileDescriptor {
        switch self {
            case .out: return FileDescriptor(STDOUT_FILENO, "stdout")
            case .err: return FileDescriptor(STDERR_FILENO, "stderr")
        }
    }

    fileprivate func silent<T>(_ action: () -> T) -> T {
        var original: FileDescriptor?
        do { original = try self.mute() } catch { NSLog(error.localizedDescription) }
        let result = action()
        do { if let original { try self.unmute(from: original) } } catch { NSLog(error.localizedDescription) }
        return result
    }

    // Redirects the specified file descriptor output to /dev/null and returns the duplicated original descriptor.
    fileprivate func mute() throws -> FileDescriptor {
        do {
            let copy = try self.fileDescriptor.duplicate()
            let null = try FileDescriptor(path: "/dev/null", flags: O_WRONLY)
            defer { try? null.close() }
            try null.duplicate(to: self.fileDescriptor)
            return copy
        } catch {
            throw FileDescriptor.Error("Can’t mute “\(self.fileDescriptor)” descriptor: \(error.localizedDescription)")
        }
    }

    fileprivate func unmute(from fileDescriptor: FileDescriptor) throws {
        do {
            try fileDescriptor.duplicate(to: self.fileDescriptor)
        } catch {
            throw FileDescriptor.Error("Can’t unmute “\(self.fileDescriptor)” from “\(fileDescriptor)” descriptor: \(error.localizedDescription)")
        }
    }
}

fileprivate struct FileDescriptor: CustomStringConvertible {
    fileprivate init(_ identifier: Int32, _ path: String? = nil) {
        self.identifier = identifier
        self.path = path
    }
    fileprivate let identifier: Int32
    fileprivate let path: String?
    fileprivate var description: String { self.path ?? "\(identifier)" }
}

extension FileDescriptor {
    fileprivate struct Error: Swift.Error, LocalizedError {
        init(_ reason: String) { self.reason = reason }
        fileprivate let reason: String
        fileprivate var errorDescription: String? { self.reason }
    }
}

extension FileDescriptor {
    /// Wraps around `open` function, opens a file and creates a new descriptor that can be used for reading, writing, or both, depending on the flags specified.
    /// Note: improper use of the open function can lead to resource leaks if file descriptors are not properly closed after use, and careful attention should
    /// be paid to handling file permissions and modes to ensure security and proper access control.
    fileprivate init(path: String, flags: Int32) throws {
        let result = Darwin.open("/dev/null", flags)
        if result == -1 { throw Error("Can’t create “\(path)” descriptor: \(String(cString: strerror(errno)))") }
        self = Self(result, path)
    }

    /// Wraps around `close` function, closes an open file descriptor, freeing the file descriptor for reuse. Note: closing a file descriptor that
    /// is already closed or was never open can result in an error, and any subsequent operations on that file descriptor will fail.
    fileprivate func close() throws {
        let result = Darwin.close(self.identifier)
        if result == -1 { throw Error("Can’t create “\(path)” descriptor: \(String(cString: strerror(errno)))") }
    }

    /// Wraps around `dup`, duplicates an existing file descriptor, returning a new file descriptor that refers to the same open file description.
    /// Note: the new file descriptor will share the same file offset, file status flags, and file access mode as the original.
    fileprivate func duplicate() throws -> Self {
        let result = Darwin.dup(self.identifier)
        if result == -1 { throw Error("Can’t duplicate “\(self)” descriptor: \(String(cString: strerror(errno)))") }
        return Self(result, self.path)
    }

    /// Wraps around `dup2`, duplicates an existing file descriptor to a specified file descriptor number, closing the specified descriptor first if it is already open.
    /// Note: `dup2` guarantees the duplication even if the specified file descriptor is already in use, which may lead to unexpected behavior if not handled properly.
    fileprivate func duplicate(to newDescriptor: Self) throws {
        let result = Darwin.dup2(self.identifier, newDescriptor.identifier)
        if result == -1 { throw Error("Can’t duplicate “\(self)” to “\(newDescriptor)” descriptor: \(String(cString: strerror(errno)))") }
        do { try self.close() } catch { throw Error("Can’t duplicate “\(self)” to “\(newDescriptor)” descriptor: \(error.localizedDescription)") }
    }
}