setEntityTypeFilter(Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->getResource()->getTypeId())
    ->load()
    ->toOptionHash();

foreach ($sets as $key => $value) {

    $attributesInSet = [];

    foreach (Mage::getResourceModel('catalog/product_attribute_collection')
                 ->setAttributeSetFilter($key) as $attribute) {
        $attributesInSet[$attribute->getData('attribute_code')] = $attribute->getData('attribute_code');
    }

    if (!isset($attributesInSet[$needAttribute])) {
        $attributeSetArray[$value] = $key;
    }
}
unset($sets);

var_dump($attributeSetArray);

die('---');