class OutOfFuelError extends Error {
  constructor(message) {
    super(message)
    this.name = "OutOfFuelError"
  }
}

class FlatTireError extends Error {}

try {
  const car = new Car() //imagine we have a Car object

  if (!car.fuel) {
    throw new OutOfFuelError('No fuel!')
  }
  if (car.flatTire) {
    throw new FlatTireError('Flat tire!')
  }
} catch (err) {
  if (err instanceof OutOfFuelError) {
    //handle error
  } else if (err instanceof FlatTireError) {
    //handle error
  }
}

// from https://flaviocopes.com/javascript-custom-errors/