#ifndef CMUOH_PIMPL_HPP
#define CMUOH_PIMPL_HPP

#include <memory>
#include <cstddef>

// See also: https://herbsutter.com/gotw/_100/
// NOTES:
// - put all private nonvirtual members (data + functions) into T impl
// - when using an impl in a class, all constructors (default/copy/move) and 
//	destructors need to be declare out of line in source file

namespace cmuoh {

template<typename T, typename PtrType>
class pimpl;

template<typename T>
using unique_ptr_pimpl = pimpl<T, std::unique_ptr<T>>;

template<typename T>
using shared_ptr_pimpl = pimpl<T, std::shared_ptr<T>>;

template<typename T, size_t Size, size_t Alignment = alignof(std::max_align_t)>
class fast_pimpl;
	
template<typename T, typename PtrType>
class pimpl {
public:
    template<typename ...Args> pimpl(Args&& ...);
    ~pimpl();
    const T* operator->() const;
    const T& operator*() const;
    T* operator->();
    T& operator*();
};

template<typename T>
class pimpl<T, std::unique_ptr<T>> {
private:
    std::unique_ptr<T> ptr;
public:
    template<typename ...Args> 
    constexpr pimpl(Args&& ... args)
        : ptr{ std::make_unique<T>(std::forward<T>(args)...) } 
    { }
    constexpr T const & operator*() const noexcept { return *ptr.get(); }
    constexpr T const * operator->() const noexcept { return &**this; }
    constexpr T& operator*() noexcept { return *ptr.get(); }
    constexpr T* operator->() noexcept { return &**this; }
};

template<typename T>
class pimpl<T, std::shared_ptr<T>> {
private:
    std::shared_ptr<T> ptr;
public:
    template<typename ...Args> 
    constexpr pimpl(Args&& ... args) 
      : ptr{ std::make_shared<T>(std::forward<T>(args)...) } 
    { }
    constexpr T const & operator*() const noexcept { return *ptr.get(); }
    constexpr T const * operator->() const noexcept { return &**this; }
    constexpr T& operator*() noexcept { return *ptr.get(); }
    constexpr T* operator->() noexcept { return &**this; }
};

template<typename T, size_t Size, size_t Alignment>
class fast_pimpl {
private:
	std::aligned_storage_t<Size, Alignment> storage;
public:
    template<typename ...Args> 
    constexpr fast_pimpl(Args&&... args) noexcept {
		static_assert (sizeof(T) == Size, "fast_pimpl: T doesn't match expected size");
		static_assert (alignof(T) <= Alignment, "fast_pimpl: T doesn't match expected alignment");
    	new (&**this) T { std::forward<T>(args)... };
    }
	constexpr fast_pimpl(fast_pimpl const& o) noexcept { new (&storage) T(*o); }
	constexpr fast_pimpl(fast_pimpl&  o)      noexcept { new (&storage) T(*o); }
	constexpr fast_pimpl(fast_pimpl&& o)      noexcept { new (&storage) T(std::move(*o)); }
    ~fast_pimpl() noexcept { reinterpret_cast<T*>(&storage)->~T(); }
    constexpr T const & operator*() const noexcept { return *reinterpret_cast<T const*>(&storage); }
    constexpr T const * operator->() const noexcept { return &**this; }
    constexpr T& operator*() noexcept { return *reinterpret_cast<T*>(&storage); }
    constexpr T* operator->() noexcept { return &**this; }
};

} // namespace "cmuoh"

#endif //CMUOH_PIMPL_HPP

// /* example */
// struct impl;
// int main() {
//     cmuoh::unique_ptr_pimpl<impl> f; //note: "impl" is forward declared
//     return 0;
// }
// struct impl { };