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  1. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Mar 22, 2025. 1 changed file with 33 additions and 4 deletions.
    37 changes: 33 additions & 4 deletions install-arch.md
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    @@ -327,14 +327,43 @@ The box `Turn on fast startup` should either be disabled or missing.

    [More info](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/NTFS-3G#Metadata_kept_in_Windows_cache,_refused_to_mount)

    ## Entering Your Password Only Once

    After completing the above steps, you will need to enter two passwords at system startup: one to decrypt the LUKS volume and another to log into GNOME.

    To enter only one password, you can enable **Automatic Login** in **GNOME Settings** under the **Users** section.

    With this change, you no longer need to enter a password in GDM, but you will still need to enter the **GNOME Keyring** password after login. If the keyring password (which defaults to your Linux user password) matches the LUKS encryption passphrase, you can configure GDM to unlock the keyring automatically, eliminating the need to enter the password. To achieve this:

    1. Switch to systemd-based initramfs.

    Edit `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf` and replace **busybox** hooks with corresponding **systemd** hooks based on [this table](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Mkinitcpio#Common_hooks). Make sure `systemd`, `keyboard`, `sd-vconsole` and `sd-encrypt` hooks are enabled.

    Example configuration:

    HOOKS=(base systemd autodetect modconf kms keyboard sd-vconsole block sd-encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck)

    Recreate the initramfs after editing `mkinitcpio.conf`:

    mkinitcpio -P

    1. Configure the bootloader.

    Edit `/etc/default/grub` and modify the `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX` line as follows. You can run `blkid /dev/<your-disk-luks>` to get your LUKS partition UUID.

    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.luks.name=your-luks-partition-uuid=cryptlvm root=/dev/vg0/root"

    Now generate the main GRUB configuration file:

    grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

    For more information, see [this Reddit post](https://www.reddit.com/r/Fedora/comments/jwnqq5/how_does_fedora_grab_the_luks_password_at_boot_to/).


    # References

    - https://gist.github.com/mattiaslundberg/8620837
    - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
    - https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#LVM_on_LUKS
    - https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/GRUB
    - https://joshrosso.com/docs/2020/2020-2-16-arch-windows-install/

    ---

    Take a look at my [dotfiles repo](https://github.com/mjnaderi/dotfiles).
  2. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Mar 28, 2024. 1 changed file with 1 addition and 1 deletion.
    2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion install-arch.md
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    @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Before we dive into the installation process, let's ensure that your system is r

    Here is an example to give you a clear picture of what the final disk partition structure will look like. If you're not interested in installing Windows, you can simply ignore the green parts.

    ![Disk Partitions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mjnaderi/dotfiles/main/docs/disk-partitions.svg)
    ![Disk Partitions](https://gist.githubusercontent.com/mjnaderi/f0c15f14e7381aaf085676305a0be443/raw/disk-partitions.svg)

    For better flexibility, I do not reuse the Windows EFI for Linux.
    Instead, I create a distinct EFI partition dedicated solely to Linux, resulting in the presence of two EFI partitions.
  3. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Feb 13, 2024. 1 changed file with 2 additions and 2 deletions.
    4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions install-arch.md
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    @@ -136,9 +136,9 @@ In the context of this guide, I've designated the disk device and Linux partitio

    1. Create LVM partitions (logical volumes).

    **Update:** I don't create swap volume on disk anymore.
    (**Update:** I don't create swap volume on disk anymore.
    Instead, I create a [zram](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Zram) device as swap space
    after finishing the installation process.
    after finishing the installation process.)

    We create logical volumes for swap, root (`/`), and home (`/home`).
    Leave 256MiB of free space in the volume group because the `e2scrub` command requires
  4. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Feb 13, 2024. 1 changed file with 2 additions and 1 deletion.
    3 changes: 2 additions & 1 deletion install-arch.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -137,7 +137,8 @@ In the context of this guide, I've designated the disk device and Linux partitio
    1. Create LVM partitions (logical volumes).

    **Update:** I don't create swap volume on disk anymore.
    Instead, I create a [zram](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Zram) device as swap space.
    Instead, I create a [zram](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Zram) device as swap space
    after finishing the installation process.

    We create logical volumes for swap, root (`/`), and home (`/home`).
    Leave 256MiB of free space in the volume group because the `e2scrub` command requires
  5. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Dec 21, 2023. 1 changed file with 3 additions and 0 deletions.
    3 changes: 3 additions & 0 deletions install-arch.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -136,6 +136,9 @@ In the context of this guide, I've designated the disk device and Linux partitio

    1. Create LVM partitions (logical volumes).

    **Update:** I don't create swap volume on disk anymore.
    Instead, I create a [zram](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Zram) device as swap space.

    We create logical volumes for swap, root (`/`), and home (`/home`).
    Leave 256MiB of free space in the volume group because the `e2scrub` command requires
    the LVM volume group to have at least 256MiB of unallocated space to dedicate
  6. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Nov 15, 2023. 1 changed file with 1 addition and 1 deletion.
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    @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ In the context of this guide, I've designated the disk device and Linux partitio
    umount -R /mnt
    swapoff -a

    1. Arch is now installed 🎉. Reboot.
    Arch is now installed 🎉. Reboot.

    reboot

  7. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Nov 15, 2023. 1 changed file with 54 additions and 56 deletions.
    110 changes: 54 additions & 56 deletions install-arch.md
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    @@ -59,15 +59,15 @@ In the context of this guide, I've designated the disk device and Linux partitio
    1. Make sure the system is booted in UEFI mode.
    The following command should display the directory contents without error.

    # ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
    ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars

    1. Connect to the internet.
    A wired connection is preferred since it's easier to connect.
    [More info](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide#Connect_to_the_internet)

    1. Run `fdisk` to create Linux partitions.

    # fdisk /dev/<your-disk>
    fdisk /dev/<your-disk>

    If you have installed Windows, you already have a GPT partition table.
    Otherwise, create an empty GPT partition table using the `g` command.
    @@ -125,14 +125,14 @@ In the context of this guide, I've designated the disk device and Linux partitio
    1. Set up the encrypted partition.
    You can choose any other name instead of `cryptlvm`.

    # cryptsetup --use-random luksFormat /dev/<your-disk-luks>
    # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/<your-disk-luks> cryptlvm
    cryptsetup --use-random luksFormat /dev/<your-disk-luks>
    cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/<your-disk-luks> cryptlvm

    1. Create an LVM volume group.
    You can choose any other name instead of `vg0`.

    # pvcreate /dev/mapper/cryptlvm
    # vgcreate vg0 /dev/mapper/cryptlvm
    pvcreate /dev/mapper/cryptlvm
    vgcreate vg0 /dev/mapper/cryptlvm

    1. Create LVM partitions (logical volumes).

    @@ -141,83 +141,83 @@ In the context of this guide, I've designated the disk device and Linux partitio
    the LVM volume group to have at least 256MiB of unallocated space to dedicate
    to the snapshot.

    # lvcreate --size 8G vg0 --name swap
    # lvcreate --size 100G vg0 --name root
    # lvcreate -l +100%FREE vg0 --name home
    # lvreduce --size -256M vg0/home
    lvcreate --size 8G vg0 --name swap
    lvcreate --size 100G vg0 --name root
    lvcreate -l +100%FREE vg0 --name home
    lvreduce --size -256M vg0/home

    1. Format logical volumes.

    # mkswap /dev/vg0/swap
    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/root
    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/home
    mkswap /dev/vg0/swap
    mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/root
    mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/home

    1. Mount new filesystems.

    # mount /dev/vg0/root /mnt
    # mount --mkdir /dev/<your-disk-efi> /mnt/efi
    # mount --mkdir /dev/<your-disk-boot> /mnt/boot
    # mount --mkdir /dev/vg0/home /mnt/home
    # swapon /dev/vg0/swap
    mount /dev/vg0/root /mnt
    mount --mkdir /dev/<your-disk-efi> /mnt/efi
    mount --mkdir /dev/<your-disk-boot> /mnt/boot
    mount --mkdir /dev/vg0/home /mnt/home
    swapon /dev/vg0/swap

    1. Install the base system.
    We also install some useful packages like `git`, `vim`, and `sudo`.

    # pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware openssh git vim sudo
    pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware openssh git vim sudo

    1. Generate `/etc/fstab`. This file can be used to define how disk partitions,
    various other block devices, or remote filesystems should be mounted into the
    filesystem.

    # genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
    genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

    1. Enter the new system.

    # arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
    arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

    1. Set TimeZone.

    ---> See available timezones:
    # ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/
    # See available timezones:
    ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/
    ---> Set timezone:
    # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tehran /etc/localtime
    # Set timezone:
    ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tehran /etc/localtime

    1. Run hwclock(8) to generate `/etc/adjtime`.

    # hwclock --systohc
    hwclock --systohc

    1. Set Locale.

    # vim /etc/locale.gen (uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8)
    # locale-gen
    # echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
    vim /etc/locale.gen (uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8)
    locale-gen
    echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf

    1. Set hostname.

    # echo yourhostname > /etc/hostname
    echo yourhostname > /etc/hostname

    1. Create a user.

    # useradd -m -G wheel --shell /bin/bash yourusername
    # passwd yourusername
    # visudo
    ---> Uncomment "%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL"
    useradd -m -G wheel --shell /bin/bash yourusername
    passwd yourusername
    visudo
    # ---> Uncomment "%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL"

    1. Configure `mkinitcpio` with modules needed to create the initramfs image.

    # pacman -S lvm2
    # vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
    ---> Add 'encrypt' and 'lvm2' to HOOKS before 'filesystems'
    pacman -S lvm2
    vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
    # ---> Add 'encrypt' and 'lvm2' to HOOKS before 'filesystems'

    Recreate the initramfs image:

    # mkinitcpio -P
    mkinitcpio -P

    1. Setup GRUB.

    # pacman -S grub efibootmgr
    # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB
    pacman -S grub efibootmgr
    grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB

    In `/etc/default/grub` edit the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX as follows.
    Don't forget to replace `/dev/<your-disk-luks>` with the appropriate path.
    @@ -252,30 +252,28 @@ In the context of this guide, I've designated the disk device and Linux partitio

    Now generate the main GRUB configuration file:

    # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

    1. Install `networkmanager` package and enable `NetworkManager` service
    to ensure you have Internet connectivity after rebooting.

    # pacman -S networkmanager
    # systemctl enable NetworkManager
    pacman -S networkmanager
    systemctl enable NetworkManager

    1. Exit new system and unmount all filesystems.

    # exit
    # umount -R /mnt
    # swapoff -a
    exit
    umount -R /mnt
    swapoff -a

    1. Arch is now installed 🎉. Reboot.

    # reboot
    reboot

    1. Open BIOS settings and set `GRUB` as first boot priority.
    Save and exit BIOS settings.
    Save and exit BIOS settings. After booting the system, you should see the GRUB menu.

    1. After booting the system, you should see the GRUB menu.

    If you have installed Windows, select "Windows 11" in GRUB menu.
    1. If you have installed Windows, select "Windows 11" in GRUB menu.
    If you have previously enabled Bitlocker,
    BitLocker will ask for your recovery key
    when you try to boot Windows through GRUB for the first time.
    @@ -285,15 +283,15 @@ In the context of this guide, I've designated the disk device and Linux partitio

    1. Check internet connectivity.

    $ ping google.com
    ping google.com

    1. If you want to use Gnome desktop, install `gnome` and `gdm` packages:

    $ sudo pacman -S gnome gdm
    sudo pacman -S gnome gdm

    And enable `gdm` service:

    $ sudo systemctl enable gdm
    sudo systemctl enable gdm

    1. Reboot!

    @@ -306,12 +304,12 @@ It is important to make a backup of LUKS header so that you can access your data

    Create a backup file:

    # cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/<your-disk-luks> --header-backup-file luks-header-backup-$(date -I)
    sudo cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/<your-disk-luks> --header-backup-file luks-header-backup-$(date -I)

    Store the backup file in a safe place, such as a USB drive.
    If something bad happens, you can restore the backup header:

    # cryptsetup luksHeaderRestore /dev/<your-disk-luks> --header-backup-file /path/to/backup_header_file
    sudo cryptsetup luksHeaderRestore /dev/<your-disk-luks> --header-backup-file /path/to/backup_header_file

    ## Disable Windows Hibernate and Fast Startup

  8. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Oct 31, 2023. 1 changed file with 1 addition and 1 deletion.
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    @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ In the context of this guide, I've designated the disk device and Linux partitio
    # lvcreate --size 8G vg0 --name swap
    # lvcreate --size 100G vg0 --name root
    # lvcreate -l +100%FREE vg0 --name home
    # vreduce --size -256M vg0/home
    # lvreduce --size -256M vg0/home

    1. Format logical volumes.

  9. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Sep 27, 2023. 1 changed file with 185 additions and 188 deletions.
    373 changes: 185 additions & 188 deletions install-arch.md
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    @@ -1,41 +1,39 @@
    # Install Arch Linux with Full Disk Encryption
    # Installing Arch Linux with Full Disk Encryption

    This is how I install Arch linux in UEFI mode with full disk encryption
    using LUKS and LVM partitions on LUKS.
    I also explain how to configure dual boot with Windows,
    but you can ignore those parts if you just want to install Linux.
    If you're aiming for a seamless Arch Linux installation in UEFI mode, follow along as this guide will walk you through the process step by step. We'll be using LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) and LVM (Logical Volume Manager) partitions on LUKS to achieve full disk encryption.

    **Note:** I have updated this doc for UEFI mode.
    For those with BIOS/MBR systems, you can refer to the
    [previous version](https://gist.github.com/mjnaderi/28264ce68f87f52f2cabb823a503e673/45238d812ecf77b5df52d4466691bdbed9ab6107),
    but keep in mind that it might be outdated and no longer accurate.

    If you're only interested in installing Linux and not setting up dual boot with Windows, feel free to skip the Windows-related sections.

    **Note:** I have updated this doc for UEFI mode. For BIOS/MBR mode, please visit the
    [previous version](https://gist.github.com/mjnaderi/28264ce68f87f52f2cabb823a503e673/45238d812ecf77b5df52d4466691bdbed9ab6107)
    (keep in mind that the previous version may be outdated and incorrect.)

    # Prepare the System

    - Make sure to back up your important data.
    - In the BIOS settings, set the boot mode to UEFI.
    Before we dive into the installation process, let's ensure that your system is ready:

    - **Data Backup:** Make sure you've backed up all your important data. We're about to make significant changes, and it's always wise to have a safety net.
    - **UEFI Mode:** In your system's BIOS settings, set the boot mode to UEFI.

    # Prepare the USB Drive

    - Install [Ventoy](https://github.com/ventoy/Ventoy) on your USB drive.
    - Download the Arch ISO image from https://www.archlinux.org/download/ and copy it to
    the USB drive.
    - [Optional] Download the Windows 11 ISO image and copy it to the USB drive.
    - **Ventoy Installation:** Start by installing [Ventoy](https://github.com/ventoy/Ventoy) on your USB drive. Ventoy is a versatile tool that allows you to easily create a multi-boot USB drive.
    - **Download Arch ISO:** Head to [Arch Linux's official website](https://www.archlinux.org/download/) and download the Arch ISO image. Copy it to your USB drive.
    - **Optional Windows 11:** If you plan to set up a dual boot with Windows 11, download the Windows 11 ISO image and also copy it to your USB drive.

    # Disk Partition Structure

    This is an example of the final disk partition structure.
    If you don't want to Install Windows, ignore the green parts.
    Here is an example to give you a clear picture of what the final disk partition structure will look like. If you're not interested in installing Windows, you can simply ignore the green parts.

    ![Disk Partitions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mjnaderi/dotfiles/main/docs/disk-partitions.svg)

    For better flexibility, I do not reuse the Windows EFI for Linux.
    Instead, I create a separate EFI partition for Linux,
    resulting in two EFI partitions.
    Instead, I create a distinct EFI partition dedicated solely to Linux, resulting in the presence of two EFI partitions.
    I also use separate partitions for EFI and Boot.

    In this document, I have named the disk device and Linux partitions
    according to the following table.
    You should replace them with your own device paths.
    In the context of this guide, I've designated the disk device and Linux partitions with names according to the table below. Please be aware that these names should be substituted with the actual device paths relevant to your system configuration:

    | Device | In this Doc | Examples |
    |----------------|-------------------------|-------------------------------|
    @@ -46,258 +44,258 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.

    # Install Windows (Optional)

    1. Boot from Windows 11 ISO and install Windows.
    1. Boot from the Windows 11 ISO and install Windows.
    If you want to use BitLocker for disk encryption,
    install the Pro version of Windows.
    ensure that you install the Windows Pro version.
    1. In Windows, open the start menu and search for "BitLocker".
    Open BitLocker settings and enable BitLocker for the `C` drive.
    Open the BitLocker settings and enable BitLocker for the `C` drive.
    1. **Important:** Store the BitLocker recovery key in a safe place.
    You will need it later.

    # Install Arch Linux

    1. Connect the USB drive and boot from the Arch Linux ISO.
    1. Connect the USB drive and boot from the Arch Linux ISO.

    1. Make sure the system is booted in UEFI mode.
    The following command should display the directory contents without error.
    1. Make sure the system is booted in UEFI mode.
    The following command should display the directory contents without error.

    # ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
    # ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars

    1. Connect to the internet.
    A wired connection is preferred since it's easier to connect.
    [More info](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide#Connect_to_the_internet)
    1. Connect to the internet.
    A wired connection is preferred since it's easier to connect.
    [More info](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide#Connect_to_the_internet)

    1. Run `fdisk` to create Linux partitions.
    1. Run `fdisk` to create Linux partitions.

    # fdisk /dev/<your-disk>
    # fdisk /dev/<your-disk>

    If you have installed Windows, you already have a GPT partition table.
    Otherwise, create an empty GPT partition table using the `g` command.
    (**WARNING:** This will erase the entire disk.)
    If you have installed Windows, you already have a GPT partition table.
    Otherwise, create an empty GPT partition table using the `g` command.
    (**WARNING:** This will erase the entire disk.)

    # WARNING: This will erase the entire disk.
    # WARNING: This will erase the entire disk.

    Command (m for help): g
    Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: ...).
    Command (m for help): g
    Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: ...).

    Create the EFI partition (`/dev/<your-disk-efi>`):
    Create the EFI partition (`/dev/<your-disk-efi>`):

    Command (m for help): n
    Partition number: <Press Enter>
    First sector: <Press Enter>
    Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P}: +100M
    Command (m for help): n
    Partition number: <Press Enter>
    First sector: <Press Enter>
    Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P}: +100M

    Command (m for help): t
    Partition type or alias (type L to list all): uefi
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition type or alias (type L to list all): uefi

    Create the Boot partition (`/dev/<your-disk-boot>`):
    Create the Boot partition (`/dev/<your-disk-boot>`):

    Command (m for help): n
    Partition number: <Press Enter>
    First sector: <Press Enter>
    Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P}: +512M
    Command (m for help): n
    Partition number: <Press Enter>
    First sector: <Press Enter>
    Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P}: +512M

    Command (m for help): t
    Partition type or alias (type L to list all): linux
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition type or alias (type L to list all): linux

    Create the LUKS partition (`/dev/<your-disk-luks>`):
    Create the LUKS partition (`/dev/<your-disk-luks>`):

    Command (m for help): n
    Partition number: <Press Enter>
    First sector: <Press Enter>
    Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P}: <Press Enter>
    Command (m for help): n
    Partition number: <Press Enter>
    First sector: <Press Enter>
    Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P}: <Press Enter>

    Command (m for help): t
    Partition type or alias (type L to list all): linux
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition type or alias (type L to list all): linux

    Print the partition table using the `p` command and check that everything is OK:
    Print the partition table using the `p` command and check that everything is OK:

    Command (m for help): p
    Command (m for help): p

    Write changes to the disk using the `w` command.
    (Make sure you know what you're doing before running this command).
    Write changes to the disk using the `w` command.
    (Make sure you know what you're doing before running this command).

    Command (m for help): w
    Command (m for help): w

    1. Format the EFI and Boot Partitions.
    1. Format the EFI and Boot Partitions.

    mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/<your-disk-efi>
    mkfs.ext4 /dev/<your-disk-boot>
    mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/<your-disk-efi>
    mkfs.ext4 /dev/<your-disk-boot>

    1. Set up the encrypted partition.
    You can choose any other name instead of `cryptlvm`.
    1. Set up the encrypted partition.
    You can choose any other name instead of `cryptlvm`.

    # cryptsetup --use-random luksFormat /dev/<your-disk-luks>
    # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/<your-disk-luks> cryptlvm
    # cryptsetup --use-random luksFormat /dev/<your-disk-luks>
    # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/<your-disk-luks> cryptlvm

    1. Create an LVM volume group.
    You can choose any other name instead of `vg0`.
    1. Create an LVM volume group.
    You can choose any other name instead of `vg0`.

    # pvcreate /dev/mapper/cryptlvm
    # vgcreate vg0 /dev/mapper/cryptlvm
    # pvcreate /dev/mapper/cryptlvm
    # vgcreate vg0 /dev/mapper/cryptlvm

    1. Create LVM partitions (logical volumes).
    1. Create LVM partitions (logical volumes).

    We create logical volumes for swap, root (`/`), and home (`/home`).
    Leave 256MiB of free space in the volume group because the `e2scrub` command requires
    the LVM volume group to have at least 256MiB of unallocated space to dedicate
    to the snapshot.
    We create logical volumes for swap, root (`/`), and home (`/home`).
    Leave 256MiB of free space in the volume group because the `e2scrub` command requires
    the LVM volume group to have at least 256MiB of unallocated space to dedicate
    to the snapshot.

    # lvcreate --size 8G vg0 --name swap
    # lvcreate --size 100G vg0 --name root
    # lvcreate -l +100%FREE vg0 --name home
    # vreduce --size -256M vg0/home
    # lvcreate --size 8G vg0 --name swap
    # lvcreate --size 100G vg0 --name root
    # lvcreate -l +100%FREE vg0 --name home
    # vreduce --size -256M vg0/home

    1. Format logical volumes.
    1. Format logical volumes.

    # mkswap /dev/vg0/swap
    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/root
    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/home
    # mkswap /dev/vg0/swap
    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/root
    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/home

    1. Mount new filesystems.
    1. Mount new filesystems.

    # mount /dev/vg0/root /mnt
    # mount --mkdir /dev/<your-disk-efi> /mnt/efi
    # mount --mkdir /dev/<your-disk-boot> /mnt/boot
    # mount --mkdir /dev/vg0/home /mnt/home
    # swapon /dev/vg0/swap
    # mount /dev/vg0/root /mnt
    # mount --mkdir /dev/<your-disk-efi> /mnt/efi
    # mount --mkdir /dev/<your-disk-boot> /mnt/boot
    # mount --mkdir /dev/vg0/home /mnt/home
    # swapon /dev/vg0/swap

    1. Install the base system.
    We also install some useful packages like `git`, `vim`, and `sudo`.
    1. Install the base system.
    We also install some useful packages like `git`, `vim`, and `sudo`.

    # pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware openssh git vim sudo
    # pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware openssh git vim sudo

    1. Generate `/etc/fstab`. This file can be used to define how disk partitions,
    various other block devices, or remote filesystems should be mounted into the
    filesystem.
    1. Generate `/etc/fstab`. This file can be used to define how disk partitions,
    various other block devices, or remote filesystems should be mounted into the
    filesystem.

    # genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
    # genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

    1. Enter the new system.
    1. Enter the new system.

    # arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
    # arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

    1. Set TimeZone.
    1. Set TimeZone.

    ---> See available timezones:
    # ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/
    ---> See available timezones:
    # ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/
    ---> Set timezone:
    # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tehran /etc/localtime
    ---> Set timezone:
    # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tehran /etc/localtime

    1. Run hwclock(8) to generate `/etc/adjtime`.
    1. Run hwclock(8) to generate `/etc/adjtime`.

    # hwclock --systohc
    # hwclock --systohc

    1. Set Locale.
    1. Set Locale.

    # vim /etc/locale.gen (uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8)
    # locale-gen
    # echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
    # vim /etc/locale.gen (uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8)
    # locale-gen
    # echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf

    1. Set hostname.
    1. Set hostname.

    # echo yourhostname > /etc/hostname
    # echo yourhostname > /etc/hostname

    1. Create a user.
    1. Create a user.

    # useradd -m -G wheel --shell /bin/bash yourusername
    # passwd yourusername
    # visudo
    ---> Uncomment "%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL"
    # useradd -m -G wheel --shell /bin/bash yourusername
    # passwd yourusername
    # visudo
    ---> Uncomment "%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL"

    1. Configure `mkinitcpio` with modules needed to create the initramfs image.
    1. Configure `mkinitcpio` with modules needed to create the initramfs image.

    # pacman -S lvm2
    # vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
    ---> Add 'encrypt' and 'lvm2' to HOOKS before 'filesystems'
    # pacman -S lvm2
    # vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
    ---> Add 'encrypt' and 'lvm2' to HOOKS before 'filesystems'

    Recreate the initramfs image:
    Recreate the initramfs image:

    # mkinitcpio -P
    # mkinitcpio -P

    1. Setup GRUB.
    1. Setup GRUB.

    # pacman -S grub efibootmgr
    # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB
    # pacman -S grub efibootmgr
    # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB

    In `/etc/default/grub` edit the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX as follows.
    Don't forget to replace `/dev/<your-disk-luks>` with the appropriate path.
    In `/etc/default/grub` edit the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX as follows.
    Don't forget to replace `/dev/<your-disk-luks>` with the appropriate path.

    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=/dev/<your-disk-luks>:cryptlvm root=/dev/vg0/root"
    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=/dev/<your-disk-luks>:cryptlvm root=/dev/vg0/root"

    If you have installed Windows and want to add Windows to the GRUB menu,
    edit `/etc/grub.d/40_custom`:
    If you have installed Windows and want to add Windows to the GRUB menu,
    edit `/etc/grub.d/40_custom`:

    #!/bin/sh
    exec tail -n +3 $0
    # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
    # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
    # the 'exec tail' line above.
    if [ "${grub_platform}" == "efi" ]; then
    menuentry "Windows 11" {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod fat
    insmod search_fs_uuid
    insmod chain
    #!/bin/sh
    exec tail -n +3 $0
    # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
    # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
    # the 'exec tail' line above.
    if [ "${grub_platform}" == "efi" ]; then
    menuentry "Windows 11" {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod fat
    insmod search_fs_uuid
    insmod chain

    # After --set=root, add the Windows EFI partition's UUID.
    # (can be found with "blkid" command)
    search --fs-uuid --set=root $FS_UUID
    chainloader /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi
    }
    fi
    # After --set=root, add the Windows EFI partition's UUID.
    # (can be found with "blkid" command)
    search --fs-uuid --set=root $FS_UUID
    chainloader /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi
    }
    fi

    In the above script, replace `$FS_UUID` with Windows EFI partition UUID.
    You can find this UUID using `lsblk` command. It should be something
    like `8E12-69DD`.
    In the above script, replace `$FS_UUID` with Windows EFI partition UUID.
    You can find this UUID using `lsblk` command. It should be something
    like `8E12-69DD`.

    Now generate the main GRUB configuration file:
    Now generate the main GRUB configuration file:

    # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

    1. Install `networkmanager` package and enable `NetworkManager` service
    to ensure you have Internet connectivity after rebooting.
    1. Install `networkmanager` package and enable `NetworkManager` service
    to ensure you have Internet connectivity after rebooting.

    # pacman -S networkmanager
    # systemctl enable NetworkManager
    # pacman -S networkmanager
    # systemctl enable NetworkManager

    1. Exit new system and unmount all filesystems.
    1. Exit new system and unmount all filesystems.

    # exit
    # umount -R /mnt
    # swapoff -a
    # exit
    # umount -R /mnt
    # swapoff -a

    1. Arch is now installed 🎉. Reboot.
    1. Arch is now installed 🎉. Reboot.

    # reboot
    # reboot

    1. Open BIOS settings and set `GRUB` as first boot priority.
    Save and exit BIOS settings.
    1. Open BIOS settings and set `GRUB` as first boot priority.
    Save and exit BIOS settings.

    1. After booting the system, you should see the GRUB menu.
    1. After booting the system, you should see the GRUB menu.

    If you have installed Windows, select "Windows 11" in GRUB menu.
    If you have previously enabled Bitlocker,
    BitLocker will ask for your recovery key
    when you try to boot Windows through GRUB for the first time.
    Enter your BitLocker recovery key.
    If you have installed Windows, select "Windows 11" in GRUB menu.
    If you have previously enabled Bitlocker,
    BitLocker will ask for your recovery key
    when you try to boot Windows through GRUB for the first time.
    Enter your BitLocker recovery key.

    1. Reboot again and log in to Arch linux with your username and password.
    1. Reboot again and log in to Arch linux with your username and password.

    1. Check internet connectivity.
    1. Check internet connectivity.

    $ ping google.com
    $ ping google.com

    1. If you want to use Gnome desktop, install `gnome` and `gdm` packages:
    1. If you want to use Gnome desktop, install `gnome` and `gdm` packages:

    $ sudo pacman -S gnome gdm
    $ sudo pacman -S gnome gdm

    And enable `gdm` service:
    And enable `gdm` service:

    $ sudo systemctl enable gdm
    $ sudo systemctl enable gdm

    1. Reboot!
    1. Reboot!

    # Notes

    @@ -306,12 +304,11 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.
    It is important to make a backup of LUKS header so that you can access your data in case of emergency
    (if your LUKS header somehow gets damaged).

    1. Create a backup file:

    # cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/<your-disk-luks> --header-backup-file luks-header-backup-$(date -I)
    Create a backup file:

    2. Store the backup file in a safe place, such as a USB drive.
    # cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/<your-disk-luks> --header-backup-file luks-header-backup-$(date -I)

    Store the backup file in a safe place, such as a USB drive.
    If something bad happens, you can restore the backup header:

    # cryptsetup luksHeaderRestore /dev/<your-disk-luks> --header-backup-file /path/to/backup_header_file
  10. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Jul 12, 2023. 1 changed file with 15 additions and 1 deletion.
    16 changes: 15 additions & 1 deletion install-arch.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -299,7 +299,9 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.

    1. Reboot!

    # Backup LUKS Header
    # Notes

    ## Backup LUKS Header

    It is important to make a backup of LUKS header so that you can access your data in case of emergency
    (if your LUKS header somehow gets damaged).
    @@ -314,6 +316,18 @@ If something bad happens, you can restore the backup header:

    # cryptsetup luksHeaderRestore /dev/<your-disk-luks> --header-backup-file /path/to/backup_header_file

    ## Disable Windows Hibernate and Fast Startup

    If you want to use the same NTFS drive in both Windows and Linux
    (for example an NTFS partition on your internal disk or external hard drive),
    consider disabling "Hibernate" and "Fast Startup" features in Windows.

    You can check the current settings on
    `Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Power Options > System Setting > Choose what the power buttons do`.
    The box `Turn on fast startup` should either be disabled or missing.

    [More info](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/NTFS-3G#Metadata_kept_in_Windows_cache,_refused_to_mount)

    # References

    - https://gist.github.com/mattiaslundberg/8620837
  11. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Jul 11, 2023. 1 changed file with 50 additions and 49 deletions.
    99 changes: 50 additions & 49 deletions install-arch.md
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    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -1,40 +1,40 @@
    # Install Arch Linux with Full Disk Encryption

    This is how I install Arch linux in UEFI mode with full disk encryption
    (using LUKS) and LVM partitions on LUKS.
    I also explain how to dual boot with Windows,
    but you can ignore those parts and just install Linux.
    using LUKS and LVM partitions on LUKS.
    I also explain how to configure dual boot with Windows,
    but you can ignore those parts if you just want to install Linux.

    **Note:** I have updated this doc to UEFI mode. For BIOS/MBR mode, visit
    **Note:** I have updated this doc for UEFI mode. For BIOS/MBR mode, please visit the
    [previous version](https://gist.github.com/mjnaderi/28264ce68f87f52f2cabb823a503e673/45238d812ecf77b5df52d4466691bdbed9ab6107)
    (please note that the previous version may be outdated and incorrect.)
    (keep in mind that the previous version may be outdated and incorrect.)

    # Prepare the System

    - Make sure you have a backup of your important data.
    - In BIOS settings, set boot mode to UEFI.
    - Make sure to back up your important data.
    - In the BIOS settings, set the boot mode to UEFI.

    # Prepare the USB Drive

    - Install [Ventoy](https://github.com/ventoy/Ventoy) on your USB drive.
    - Download Arch ISO image from https://www.archlinux.org/download/ and copy to
    - Download the Arch ISO image from https://www.archlinux.org/download/ and copy it to
    the USB drive.
    - [Optional] Download Windows 11 ISO image and copy to the USB drive.
    - [Optional] Download the Windows 11 ISO image and copy it to the USB drive.

    # Disk Partition Structure

    This is an example of the final disk partition structure. Ignore the green parts
    if you don't want to Install Windows.
    This is an example of the final disk partition structure.
    If you don't want to Install Windows, ignore the green parts.

    ![Disk Partitions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mjnaderi/dotfiles/main/docs/disk-partitions.svg)

    For better flexibility, I do not re-use Windows EFI for Linux.
    For better flexibility, I do not reuse the Windows EFI for Linux.
    Instead, I create a separate EFI partition for Linux,
    so there is two EFI partitions.
    resulting in two EFI partitions.
    I also use separate partitions for EFI and Boot.

    In this doc, I have named the disk device and linux partitions according to the
    following table.
    In this document, I have named the disk device and Linux partitions
    according to the following table.
    You should replace them with your own device paths.

    | Device | In this Doc | Examples |
    @@ -46,41 +46,41 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.

    # Install Windows (Optional)

    1. Boot from Windows ISO and install Windows.
    1. Boot from Windows 11 ISO and install Windows.
    If you want to use BitLocker for disk encryption,
    install the Pro version of Windows.
    1. In Windows, open start menu and search for "BitLocker".
    Open BitLocker settings and enable BitLocker for `C` drive.
    1. **Important:** Store BitLocker recovery key in a safe place.
    You need it later.
    1. In Windows, open the start menu and search for "BitLocker".
    Open BitLocker settings and enable BitLocker for the `C` drive.
    1. **Important:** Store the BitLocker recovery key in a safe place.
    You will need it later.

    # Install Arch Linux

    1. Connect the USB drive and boot from Arch Linux ISO.
    1. Connect the USB drive and boot from the Arch Linux ISO.

    1. Make sure system is booted in UEFI mode.
    1. Make sure the system is booted in UEFI mode.
    The following command should display the directory contents without error.

    # ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars

    1. Connect to the internet.
    Wired connection is preferred since it's easier to connect.
    A wired connection is preferred since it's easier to connect.
    [More info](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide#Connect_to_the_internet)

    1. Run `fdisk` to create linux partitions.
    1. Run `fdisk` to create Linux partitions.

    # fdisk /dev/<your-disk>

    If you have installed Windows, you already have a GPT partition table.
    Otherwise, create an empty GPT partition table using `g` command.
    Otherwise, create an empty GPT partition table using the `g` command.
    (**WARNING:** This will erase the entire disk.)

    # WARNING: This will erase the entire disk.

    Command (m for help): g
    Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: ...).

    Create EFI partition (`/dev/<your-disk-efi>`):
    Create the EFI partition (`/dev/<your-disk-efi>`):

    Command (m for help): n
    Partition number: <Press Enter>
    @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition type or alias (type L to list all): uefi

    Create Boot partition (`/dev/<your-disk-boot>`):
    Create the Boot partition (`/dev/<your-disk-boot>`):

    Command (m for help): n
    Partition number: <Press Enter>
    @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition type or alias (type L to list all): linux

    Create LUKS partition (`/dev/<your-disk-luks>`):
    Create the LUKS partition (`/dev/<your-disk-luks>`):

    Command (m for help): n
    Partition number: <Press Enter>
    @@ -110,27 +110,27 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition type or alias (type L to list all): linux

    Print the partition table using `p` command and check everything is OK:
    Print the partition table using the `p` command and check that everything is OK:

    Command (m for help): p

    Write changes to disk using `w` command.
    Write changes to the disk using the `w` command.
    (Make sure you know what you're doing before running this command).

    Command (m for help): w

    1. Format EFI and Boot Partitions.
    1. Format the EFI and Boot Partitions.

    mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/<your-disk-efi>
    mkfs.ext4 /dev/<your-disk-boot>

    1. Setup encrypted partition.
    1. Set up the encrypted partition.
    You can choose any other name instead of `cryptlvm`.

    # cryptsetup --use-random luksFormat /dev/<your-disk-luks>
    # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/<your-disk-luks> cryptlvm

    1. Create LVM volume group.
    1. Create an LVM volume group.
    You can choose any other name instead of `vg0`.

    # pvcreate /dev/mapper/cryptlvm
    @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.
    1. Create LVM partitions (logical volumes).

    We create logical volumes for swap, root (`/`), and home (`/home`).
    Leave 256MiB free space in volume group because `e2scrub` command requires
    Leave 256MiB of free space in the volume group because the `e2scrub` command requires
    the LVM volume group to have at least 256MiB of unallocated space to dedicate
    to the snapshot.

    @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.
    # swapon /dev/vg0/swap

    1. Install the base system.
    We also install some useful packages like `git`, `vim`, `sudo`.
    We also install some useful packages like `git`, `vim`, and `sudo`.

    # pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware openssh git vim sudo

    @@ -199,14 +199,14 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.

    # echo yourhostname > /etc/hostname

    1. Create user.
    1. Create a user.

    # useradd -m -G wheel --shell /bin/bash yourusername
    # passwd yourusername
    # visudo
    ---> Uncomment "%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL"

    1. Configure `mkinitcpio` with modules needed to create initramfs image.
    1. Configure `mkinitcpio` with modules needed to create the initramfs image.

    # pacman -S lvm2
    # vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
    @@ -221,12 +221,12 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.
    # pacman -S grub efibootmgr
    # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB

    In `/etc/default/grub` edit the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX to the following.
    Don't forget to replace `/dev/<your-disk-luks>` with appropriate path.
    In `/etc/default/grub` edit the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX as follows.
    Don't forget to replace `/dev/<your-disk-luks>` with the appropriate path.

    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=/dev/<your-disk-luks>:cryptlvm root=/dev/vg0/root"

    If you have installed Windows and want to add Windows to GRUB menu,
    If you have installed Windows and want to add Windows to the GRUB menu,
    edit `/etc/grub.d/40_custom`:

    #!/bin/sh
    @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.
    # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

    1. Install `networkmanager` package and enable `NetworkManager` service
    to ensure you have Internet connectivity after reboot.
    to ensure you have Internet connectivity after rebooting.

    # pacman -S networkmanager
    # systemctl enable NetworkManager
    @@ -272,17 +272,18 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.

    # reboot

    1. Open BIOS settings and set `GRUB` as the first boot priority.
    1. Open BIOS settings and set `GRUB` as first boot priority.
    Save and exit BIOS settings.

    1. After booting the system, you should see the GRUB menu.

    If you have installed Windows, select "Windows 11" in GRUB menu.
    If you have previously enabled Bitlocker, the first time you try to boot
    Windows through GRUB, BitLocker asks for your recovery key.
    If you have previously enabled Bitlocker,
    BitLocker will ask for your recovery key
    when you try to boot Windows through GRUB for the first time.
    Enter your BitLocker recovery key.

    1. Reboot again and login to Arch linux with your username and password.
    1. Reboot again and log in to Arch linux with your username and password.

    1. Check internet connectivity.

    @@ -300,16 +301,16 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.

    # Backup LUKS Header

    It is important to make a backup of LUKS header to be able to access your data in case of emergency
    It is important to make a backup of LUKS header so that you can access your data in case of emergency
    (if your LUKS header somehow gets damaged).

    1. Create the backup file:
    1. Create a backup file:

    # cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/<your-disk-luks> --header-backup-file luks-header-backup-$(date -I)

    2. Store the backup file in a safe place. e.g. a USB drive.
    2. Store the backup file in a safe place, such as a USB drive.

    If bad things happened, you can restore the backup header:
    If something bad happens, you can restore the backup header:

    # cryptsetup luksHeaderRestore /dev/<your-disk-luks> --header-backup-file /path/to/backup_header_file

  12. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Jul 5, 2023. 1 changed file with 15 additions and 0 deletions.
    15 changes: 15 additions & 0 deletions install-arch.md
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    @@ -298,6 +298,21 @@ You should replace them with your own device paths.

    1. Reboot!

    # Backup LUKS Header

    It is important to make a backup of LUKS header to be able to access your data in case of emergency
    (if your LUKS header somehow gets damaged).

    1. Create the backup file:

    # cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/<your-disk-luks> --header-backup-file luks-header-backup-$(date -I)

    2. Store the backup file in a safe place. e.g. a USB drive.

    If bad things happened, you can restore the backup header:

    # cryptsetup luksHeaderRestore /dev/<your-disk-luks> --header-backup-file /path/to/backup_header_file

    # References

    - https://gist.github.com/mattiaslundberg/8620837
  13. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Jul 4, 2023. 1 changed file with 1 addition and 1 deletion.
    2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion install-arch.md
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    @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ but you can ignore those parts and just install Linux.

    # Prepare the USB Drive

    - Install [Ventoy](https://github.com/ventoy/Ventoy) to your USB drive.
    - Install [Ventoy](https://github.com/ventoy/Ventoy) on your USB drive.
    - Download Arch ISO image from https://www.archlinux.org/download/ and copy to
    the USB drive.
    - [Optional] Download Windows 11 ISO image and copy to the USB drive.
  14. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Jul 4, 2023. 1 changed file with 1 addition and 1 deletion.
    2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion install-arch.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ I also explain how to dual boot with Windows,
    but you can ignore those parts and just install Linux.

    **Note:** I have updated this doc to UEFI mode. For BIOS/MBR mode, visit
    [previous version](https://gist.github.com/mjnaderi/28264ce68f87f52f2cabb823a503e673)
    [previous version](https://gist.github.com/mjnaderi/28264ce68f87f52f2cabb823a503e673/45238d812ecf77b5df52d4466691bdbed9ab6107)
    (please note that the previous version may be outdated and incorrect.)

    # Prepare the System
  15. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Jul 4, 2023. 1 changed file with 266 additions and 189 deletions.
    455 changes: 266 additions & 189 deletions install-arch.md
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    @@ -1,234 +1,311 @@
    References:
    - https://gist.github.com/mattiaslundberg/8620837
    - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
    - `http://www.muktware.io/arch-linux-guide-the-always-up-to-date-arch-linux-tutorial/` (Link is broken)

    There are 2 choices:
    - UEFI/GPT mode: UEFI boot mode / GPT partition table
    - BIOS/MBR mode: Legacy boot mode / MBR partition table

    I tried to install in UEFI mode, but my laptop (Acer E5-475-336H) had problems with it, and didn't boot after installation.
    This is how I installed arch linux in BIOS/MBR mode with full disk encryption (using LUKS), and LVM on LUKS.

    # Assumptions

    I assume that `/dev/sda` is the system's disk, and `/dev/sdb` is USB drive.


    # Steps

    1. Download arch iso image from https://www.archlinux.org/download/ and copy to a USB drive.

    # dd if=arch.iso of=/dev/sdb

    2. Set boot mode to "Legacy" in BIOS configuration, and boot from USB.

    3. Connect to internet. Wired connection is preferred since it's easier to connect. See [arch wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide#Connect_to_the_internet).

    4. Partitioning

    A drive should first be **partitioned** and afterwards the partitions should be **formatted** with a file system.
    Use fdisk to create MBR partitions.

    # fdisk /dev/sda

    First, create an empty MBR partition table (**WARNING:** This will erase entire disk)

    (fdisk) o

    We are going to create 2 main partitions (/dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2):

    Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Type
    /dev/sda1 2048 526335 524288 256M Linux /boot
    /dev/sda2 526336 765986815 765460480 365G Linux Encrypted with LUKS, 3 LVM partitions:
    swap vg0 -wi-ao---- 8.00g swap
    root vg0 -wi-ao---- 80.00g /
    anbar vg0 -wi-ao---- 277.00g
    /dev/sda3 765986816 976773167 210786352 100.5G Linux (Optional) Other partitions if you need... You can encrypt them separately with another password

    Create partitions:

    (fdisk) n
    (fdisk) p
    (fdisk) 1
    (fdisk) <Enter>
    (fdisk) +256M
    (fdisk) t
    (fdisk) linux

    (fdisk) n
    (fdisk) p
    (fdisk) 2
    (fdisk) <Enter>
    (fdisk) +365G
    (fdisk) t
    (fdisk) linux

    (fdisk) n
    (fdisk) p
    (fdisk) 3
    (fdisk) <Enter>
    (fdisk) <Enter>
    (fdisk) t
    (fdisk) linux

    (fdisk) w (Write Changes)
    # Install Arch Linux with Full Disk Encryption

    This is how I install Arch linux in UEFI mode with full disk encryption
    (using LUKS) and LVM partitions on LUKS.
    I also explain how to dual boot with Windows,
    but you can ignore those parts and just install Linux.

    **Note:** I have updated this doc to UEFI mode. For BIOS/MBR mode, visit
    [previous version](https://gist.github.com/mjnaderi/28264ce68f87f52f2cabb823a503e673)
    (please note that the previous version may be outdated and incorrect.)

    # Prepare the System

    - Make sure you have a backup of your important data.
    - In BIOS settings, set boot mode to UEFI.

    # Prepare the USB Drive

    - Install [Ventoy](https://github.com/ventoy/Ventoy) to your USB drive.
    - Download Arch ISO image from https://www.archlinux.org/download/ and copy to
    the USB drive.
    - [Optional] Download Windows 11 ISO image and copy to the USB drive.

    # Disk Partition Structure

    This is an example of the final disk partition structure. Ignore the green parts
    if you don't want to Install Windows.

    ![Disk Partitions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mjnaderi/dotfiles/main/docs/disk-partitions.svg)

    For better flexibility, I do not re-use Windows EFI for Linux.
    Instead, I create a separate EFI partition for Linux,
    so there is two EFI partitions.
    I also use separate partitions for EFI and Boot.

    In this doc, I have named the disk device and linux partitions according to the
    following table.
    You should replace them with your own device paths.

    | Device | In this Doc | Examples |
    |----------------|-------------------------|-------------------------------|
    | Disk Device | `/dev/<your-disk>` | `/dev/sda`, `/dev/nvme0n1` |
    | EFI Partition | `/dev/<your-disk-efi>` | `/dev/sda5`, `/dev/nvme0n1p5` |
    | Boot Partition | `/dev/<your-disk-boot>` | `/dev/sda6`, `/dev/nvme0n1p6` |
    | LUKS Partition | `/dev/<your-disk-luks>` | `/dev/sda7`, `/dev/nvme0n1p7` |

    # Install Windows (Optional)

    1. Boot from Windows ISO and install Windows.
    If you want to use BitLocker for disk encryption,
    install the Pro version of Windows.
    1. In Windows, open start menu and search for "BitLocker".
    Open BitLocker settings and enable BitLocker for `C` drive.
    1. **Important:** Store BitLocker recovery key in a safe place.
    You need it later.

    # Install Arch Linux

    1. Connect the USB drive and boot from Arch Linux ISO.

    1. Make sure system is booted in UEFI mode.
    The following command should display the directory contents without error.

    # ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars

    1. Connect to the internet.
    Wired connection is preferred since it's easier to connect.
    [More info](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide#Connect_to_the_internet)

    1. Run `fdisk` to create linux partitions.

    # fdisk /dev/<your-disk>

    If you have installed Windows, you already have a GPT partition table.
    Otherwise, create an empty GPT partition table using `g` command.
    (**WARNING:** This will erase the entire disk.)

    # WARNING: This will erase the entire disk.

    Command (m for help): g
    Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: ...).

    Create EFI partition (`/dev/<your-disk-efi>`):

    Command (m for help): n
    Partition number: <Press Enter>
    First sector: <Press Enter>
    Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P}: +100M

    Command (m for help): t
    Partition type or alias (type L to list all): uefi

    Create Boot partition (`/dev/<your-disk-boot>`):

    Format Partitions:
    Command (m for help): n
    Partition number: <Press Enter>
    First sector: <Press Enter>
    Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P}: +512M

    mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda1

    5. Setup encryption

    # cryptsetup -c aes-xts-plain64 -y --use-random luksFormat /dev/sda2
    # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda2 luks

    6. Create LVM Partitions
    This creates one partions for root, modify if /home or other partitions should be on separate partitions

    # pvcreate /dev/mapper/luks
    # vgcreate vg0 /dev/mapper/luks
    # lvcreate --size 8G vg0 --name swap
    # lvcreate --size 80G vg0 --name root
    # lvcreate -l +100%FREE vg0 --name anbar
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition type or alias (type L to list all): linux

    7. Format LVM partitions
    Create LUKS partition (`/dev/<your-disk-luks>`):

    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-root
    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-anbar
    # mkswap /dev/mapper/vg0-swap
    Command (m for help): n
    Partition number: <Press Enter>
    First sector: <Press Enter>
    Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P}: <Press Enter>

    8. Mount the new system
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition type or alias (type L to list all): linux

    # mount /dev/mapper/vg0-root /mnt
    # mkdir /mnt/boot
    # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
    # swapon /dev/mapper/vg0-swap

    9. Install the base system
    Print the partition table using `p` command and check everything is OK:

    # pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware openssh git vim

    10. Generate `/etc/fstab`. This file can be used to define how disk partitions, various other block devices,
    or remote filesystems should be mounted into the filesystem.
    Command (m for help): p

    # genfstab -pU /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

    (Optional) For making /tmp a ramdisk, add following line to /mnt/etc/fstab:

    tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0

    11. Enter the new system
    Write changes to disk using `w` command.
    (Make sure you know what you're doing before running this command).

    # arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
    Command (m for help): w

    12. Set TimeZone
    1. Format EFI and Boot Partitions.

    See available timezones:
    # ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/
    Set timezone:
    # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tehran /etc/localtime
    mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/<your-disk-efi>
    mkfs.ext4 /dev/<your-disk-boot>

    13. Set Locale
    1. Setup encrypted partition.
    You can choose any other name instead of `cryptlvm`.

    # vim /etc/locale.gen (uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8)
    # locale-gen
    # echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
    # export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
    # cryptsetup --use-random luksFormat /dev/<your-disk-luks>
    # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/<your-disk-luks> cryptlvm

    14. Set the hardware clock mode uniformly between your operating systems.
    Otherwise, they may overwrite the hardware clock and cause time shifts.
    1. Create LVM volume group.
    You can choose any other name instead of `vg0`.

    # hwclock --systohc --utc
    # pvcreate /dev/mapper/cryptlvm
    # vgcreate vg0 /dev/mapper/cryptlvm

    15. Set hostname
    1. Create LVM partitions (logical volumes).

    # echo myhostname > /etc/hostname
    We create logical volumes for swap, root (`/`), and home (`/home`).
    Leave 256MiB free space in volume group because `e2scrub` command requires
    the LVM volume group to have at least 256MiB of unallocated space to dedicate
    to the snapshot.

    Add it to /etc/hosts:
    # lvcreate --size 8G vg0 --name swap
    # lvcreate --size 100G vg0 --name root
    # lvcreate -l +100%FREE vg0 --name home
    # vreduce --size -256M vg0/home

    127.0.0.1 localhost
    ::1 localhost
    127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname
    1. Format logical volumes.

    16. Create User
    # mkswap /dev/vg0/swap
    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/root
    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/home

    # useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s myusername
    # passwd myusername
    # visudo
    uncomment %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
    1. Mount new filesystems.

    17. Configure mkinitcpio with modules needed for the initrd image
    # mount /dev/vg0/root /mnt
    # mount --mkdir /dev/<your-disk-efi> /mnt/efi
    # mount --mkdir /dev/<your-disk-boot> /mnt/boot
    # mount --mkdir /dev/vg0/home /mnt/home
    # swapon /dev/vg0/swap

    # vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
    Add 'ext4' to MODULES
    Add 'encrypt' and 'lvm2' to HOOKS before 'filesystems'
    1. Install the base system.
    We also install some useful packages like `git`, `vim`, `sudo`.

    Regenerate initrd image
    # pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware openssh git vim sudo

    # mkinitcpio -p linux
    1. Generate `/etc/fstab`. This file can be used to define how disk partitions,
    various other block devices, or remote filesystems should be mounted into the
    filesystem.

    18. Setup grub

    # pacman -S grub
    # grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda

    In /etc/default/grub edit the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX to:

    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=/dev/sda2:luks:allow-discards"

    [Tip] To automatically search for other operating systems on your computer,
    install os-prober (pacman -S os-prober) before running the next command.

    # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    # genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

    19. Exit new system and unmount all partitions
    1. Enter the new system.

    # exit
    # umount -R /mnt
    # swapoff -a
    # arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

    1. Set TimeZone.

    20. Reboot into the new system. Don't forget to remove the CD/USB.

    # reboot
    ---> See available timezones:
    # ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/
    ---> Set timezone:
    # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tehran /etc/localtime

    21. Connect to internet.
    1. Run hwclock(8) to generate `/etc/adjtime`.

    Configure [systemd-networkd](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-networkd). Create file `/etc/systemd/network/20-wired.network`:

    [Match]
    Name=en*
    Name=eth*

    [Network]
    DHCP=yes
    # hwclock --systohc

    Restart `systemd-networkd` and `systemd-resolved`:
    1. Set Locale.

    # systemctl restart systemd-networkd systemd-resolved
    # ping archlinux.org
    # vim /etc/locale.gen (uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8)
    # locale-gen
    # echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf

    Restart `systemd-networkd` and `systemd-resolved` again if required.
    1. Set hostname.

    22. System is installed now. If you want to install Gnome desktop, perform following steps.
    # echo yourhostname > /etc/hostname

    23. Install Xorg server
    1. Create user.

    # pacman -S xorg-server xorg-server-utils
    # useradd -m -G wheel --shell /bin/bash yourusername
    # passwd yourusername
    # visudo
    ---> Uncomment "%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL"

    24. Install graphics driver ([Arch wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/xorg#Driver_installation)). For my laptop, graphics driver is `xf86-video-intel`.
    1. Configure `mkinitcpio` with modules needed to create initramfs image.

    # pacman -S xf86-video-intel
    # pacman -S lvm2
    # vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
    ---> Add 'encrypt' and 'lvm2' to HOOKS before 'filesystems'

    25. Install Gnome Display Manager and Gnome Desktop.
    Recreate the initramfs image:

    # pacman -S gnome gdm
    # pacman -S gnome-extra gnome-system-tools (Optional)
    # mkinitcpio -P

    26. Enable GDM service
    1. Setup GRUB.

    # pacman -S grub efibootmgr
    # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB

    In `/etc/default/grub` edit the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX to the following.
    Don't forget to replace `/dev/<your-disk-luks>` with appropriate path.

    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=/dev/<your-disk-luks>:cryptlvm root=/dev/vg0/root"

    If you have installed Windows and want to add Windows to GRUB menu,
    edit `/etc/grub.d/40_custom`:

    #!/bin/sh
    exec tail -n +3 $0
    # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
    # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
    # the 'exec tail' line above.
    if [ "${grub_platform}" == "efi" ]; then
    menuentry "Windows 11" {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod fat
    insmod search_fs_uuid
    insmod chain

    # After --set=root, add the Windows EFI partition's UUID.
    # (can be found with "blkid" command)
    search --fs-uuid --set=root $FS_UUID
    chainloader /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi
    }
    fi

    In the above script, replace `$FS_UUID` with Windows EFI partition UUID.
    You can find this UUID using `lsblk` command. It should be something
    like `8E12-69DD`.

    Now generate the main GRUB configuration file:

    # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

    1. Install `networkmanager` package and enable `NetworkManager` service
    to ensure you have Internet connectivity after reboot.

    # pacman -S networkmanager
    # systemctl enable NetworkManager

    1. Exit new system and unmount all filesystems.

    # exit
    # umount -R /mnt
    # swapoff -a

    1. Arch is now installed 🎉. Reboot.

    # reboot

    1. Open BIOS settings and set `GRUB` as the first boot priority.
    Save and exit BIOS settings.

    1. After booting the system, you should see the GRUB menu.

    If you have installed Windows, select "Windows 11" in GRUB menu.
    If you have previously enabled Bitlocker, the first time you try to boot
    Windows through GRUB, BitLocker asks for your recovery key.
    Enter your BitLocker recovery key.

    1. Reboot again and login to Arch linux with your username and password.

    1. Check internet connectivity.

    $ ping google.com

    1. If you want to use Gnome desktop, install `gnome` and `gdm` packages:

    $ sudo pacman -S gnome gdm

    And enable `gdm` service:

    $ sudo systemctl enable gdm

    1. Reboot!

    # References

    - https://gist.github.com/mattiaslundberg/8620837
    - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
    - https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#LVM_on_LUKS
    - https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/GRUB
    - https://joshrosso.com/docs/2020/2020-2-16-arch-windows-install/

    # systemctl enable gdm
    ---

    27. Reboot!
    Take a look at my [dotfiles repo](https://github.com/mjnaderi/dotfiles).
  16. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Jul 4, 2023. 1 changed file with 7 additions and 7 deletions.
    14 changes: 7 additions & 7 deletions install-arch.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ I assume that `/dev/sda` is the system's disk, and `/dev/sdb` is USB drive.

    We are going to create 2 main partitions (/dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2):

    Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
    /dev/sda1 2048 526335 524288 256M 83 Linux /boot
    /dev/sda2 526336 765986815 765460480 365G 83 Linux Encrypted with LUKS, 3 LVM partitions:
    Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Type
    /dev/sda1 2048 526335 524288 256M Linux /boot
    /dev/sda2 526336 765986815 765460480 365G Linux Encrypted with LUKS, 3 LVM partitions:
    swap vg0 -wi-ao---- 8.00g swap
    root vg0 -wi-ao---- 80.00g /
    anbar vg0 -wi-ao---- 277.00g
    /dev/sda3 765986816 976773167 210786352 100.5G 83 Linux (Optional) Other partitions if you need... You can encrypt them separately with another password
    /dev/sda3 765986816 976773167 210786352 100.5G Linux (Optional) Other partitions if you need... You can encrypt them separately with another password

    Create partitions:

    @@ -54,23 +54,23 @@ I assume that `/dev/sda` is the system's disk, and `/dev/sdb` is USB drive.
    (fdisk) <Enter>
    (fdisk) +256M
    (fdisk) t
    (fdisk) 83
    (fdisk) linux

    (fdisk) n
    (fdisk) p
    (fdisk) 2
    (fdisk) <Enter>
    (fdisk) +365G
    (fdisk) t
    (fdisk) 83
    (fdisk) linux

    (fdisk) n
    (fdisk) p
    (fdisk) 3
    (fdisk) <Enter>
    (fdisk) <Enter>
    (fdisk) t
    (fdisk) 83
    (fdisk) linux

    (fdisk) w (Write Changes)

  17. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Oct 29, 2020. 1 changed file with 1 addition and 2 deletions.
    3 changes: 1 addition & 2 deletions install-arch.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -224,8 +224,7 @@ I assume that `/dev/sda` is the system's disk, and `/dev/sdb` is USB drive.

    25. Install Gnome Display Manager and Gnome Desktop.

    # pacman -S gdm
    # pacman -S gnome
    # pacman -S gnome gdm
    # pacman -S gnome-extra gnome-system-tools (Optional)

    26. Enable GDM service
  18. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Oct 29, 2020. 1 changed file with 37 additions and 27 deletions.
    64 changes: 37 additions & 27 deletions install-arch.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
    Based on:
    References:
    - https://gist.github.com/mattiaslundberg/8620837
    - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
    - `http://www.muktware.io/arch-linux-guide-the-always-up-to-date-arch-linux-tutorial/` (Link is broken)
    @@ -17,16 +17,13 @@ I assume that `/dev/sda` is the system's disk, and `/dev/sdb` is USB drive.

    # Steps

    1. Download arch iso image from https://www.archlinux.org/ and copy to a USB drive.
    1. Download arch iso image from https://www.archlinux.org/download/ and copy to a USB drive.

    # dd if=arch.iso of=/dev/sdb

    2. Set boot mode to "Legacy" in BIOS configuration, and boot from USB.

    3. Connect to internet. Useful commands:

    # supervisorctl restart dhcpcd
    # wifi-menu
    3. Connect to internet. Wired connection is preferred since it's easier to connect. See [arch wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide#Connect_to_the_internet).

    4. Partitioning

    @@ -110,7 +107,7 @@ I assume that `/dev/sda` is the system's disk, and `/dev/sdb` is USB drive.

    9. Install the base system

    # pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel openssh git vim
    # pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware openssh git vim

    10. Generate `/etc/fstab`. This file can be used to define how disk partitions, various other block devices,
    or remote filesystems should be mounted into the filesystem.
    @@ -142,15 +139,17 @@ I assume that `/dev/sda` is the system's disk, and `/dev/sdb` is USB drive.

    14. Set the hardware clock mode uniformly between your operating systems.
    Otherwise, they may overwrite the hardware clock and cause time shifts.

    # hwclock --systohc --utc

    15. Set hostname
    # echo myhostname >/etc/hostname

    # echo myhostname > /etc/hostname

    Add it to /etc/hosts:


    127.0.0.1 localhost
    ::1 localhost
    127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname

    16. Create User
    @@ -195,31 +194,42 @@ I assume that `/dev/sda` is the system's disk, and `/dev/sdb` is USB drive.

    # reboot

    21. Start network and check internet
    21. Connect to internet.

    # systemctl enable dhcpcd.service
    # systemctl start dhcpcd.service
    Configure [systemd-networkd](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-networkd). Create file `/etc/systemd/network/20-wired.network`:

    [Match]
    Name=en*
    Name=eth*

    [Network]
    DHCP=yes

    Restart `systemd-networkd` and `systemd-resolved`:

    # systemctl restart systemd-networkd systemd-resolved
    # ping archlinux.org

    Restart `systemd-networkd` and `systemd-resolved` again if required.

    22. System is installed now. If you want to install Gnome desktop, perform following steps.

    23. Install gdm
    23. Install Xorg server

    # pacman -S gdm
    # pacman -S xorg-server
    # pacman -S xorg-xinit
    # pacman -S xorg-server-utils
    # INSTALL GRAPHICS DRIVER (e.g. xf86-video-intel)
    # pacman -S xterm
    # startx
    # exit
    # pacman -S xorg-server xorg-server-utils

    24. Install graphics driver ([Arch wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/xorg#Driver_installation)). For my laptop, graphics driver is `xf86-video-intel`.

    24. Install Gnome
    # pacman -S xf86-video-intel

    25. Install Gnome Display Manager and Gnome Desktop.

    # pacman -S gdm
    # pacman -S gnome
    # pacman -S gnome-extra gnome-system-tools (Optional)

    25. Enable GDM service
    26. Enable GDM service

    # systemctl enable gdm

    26. Reboot!
    27. Reboot!
  19. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Feb 12, 2020. 1 changed file with 1 addition and 1 deletion.
    2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion install-arch.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
    Based on:
    - https://gist.github.com/mattiaslundberg/8620837
    - http://www.muktware.io/arch-linux-guide-the-always-up-to-date-arch-linux-tutorial/
    - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
    - `http://www.muktware.io/arch-linux-guide-the-always-up-to-date-arch-linux-tutorial/` (Link is broken)

    There are 2 choices:
    - UEFI/GPT mode: UEFI boot mode / GPT partition table
  20. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Dec 16, 2019. 1 changed file with 2 additions and 2 deletions.
    4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions install-arch.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ There are 2 choices:
    I tried to install in UEFI mode, but my laptop (Acer E5-475-336H) had problems with it, and didn't boot after installation.
    This is how I installed arch linux in BIOS/MBR mode with full disk encryption (using LUKS), and LVM on LUKS.

    # [IMPORTANT] ASSUMPTIONS
    # Assumptions

    I assume that `/dev/sda` is the system's disk, and `/dev/sdb` is USB drive.


    # STEPS
    # Steps

    1. Download arch iso image from https://www.archlinux.org/ and copy to a USB drive.

  21. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Aug 16, 2019. 1 changed file with 11 additions and 9 deletions.
    20 changes: 11 additions & 9 deletions install-arch.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This is how I installed arch linux in BIOS/MBR mode with full disk encryption (u

    # [IMPORTANT] ASSUMPTIONS

    I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is USB drive.
    I assume that `/dev/sda` is the system's disk, and `/dev/sdb` is USB drive.


    # STEPS
    @@ -112,8 +112,7 @@ I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is USB drive.

    # pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel openssh git vim

    10. Generate /etc/fstab
    The /etc/fstab file can be used to define how disk partitions, various other block devices,
    10. Generate `/etc/fstab`. This file can be used to define how disk partitions, various other block devices,
    or remote filesystems should be mounted into the filesystem.

    # genfstab -pU /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
    @@ -127,8 +126,11 @@ I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is USB drive.
    # arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

    12. Set TimeZone
    See available timezones: ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/


    See available timezones:
    # ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/
    Set timezone:
    # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tehran /etc/localtime

    13. Set Locale
    @@ -156,7 +158,7 @@ I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is USB drive.
    # useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s myusername
    # passwd myusername
    # visudo
    uncomment %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
    uncomment %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL

    17. Configure mkinitcpio with modules needed for the initrd image

    @@ -171,7 +173,7 @@ I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is USB drive.
    18. Setup grub

    # pacman -S grub
    # grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda
    # grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda

    In /etc/default/grub edit the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX to:

    @@ -189,7 +191,7 @@ I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is USB drive.
    # swapoff -a


    20. Reboot into the new system, don't forget to remove the CD/USB.
    20. Reboot into the new system. Don't forget to remove the CD/USB.

    # reboot

    @@ -214,7 +216,7 @@ I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is USB drive.
    24. Install Gnome

    # pacman -S gnome
    (Optional) # gnome-extra gnome-system-tools
    # pacman -S gnome-extra gnome-system-tools (Optional)

    25. Enable GDM service

  22. @mjnaderi mjnaderi renamed this gist Aug 16, 2019. 1 changed file with 7 additions and 11 deletions.
    18 changes: 7 additions & 11 deletions install-arch-v2.md → install-arch.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
    Parent Tutorial:
    Based on:
    - https://gist.github.com/mattiaslundberg/8620837

    Muktware Tutorial:
    - http://www.muktware.io/arch-linux-guide-the-always-up-to-date-arch-linux-tutorial/

    Arch Linux Installation Guide:
    - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide

    There are 2 choices:
    @@ -16,16 +12,16 @@ This is how I installed arch linux in BIOS/MBR mode with full disk encryption (u

    # [IMPORTANT] ASSUMPTIONS

    I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is usb drive.
    I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is USB drive.


    # STEPS

    1. Download arch iso image from https://www.archlinux.org/ and copy to a usb drive.
    1. Download arch iso image from https://www.archlinux.org/ and copy to a USB drive.

    # dd if=arch.iso of=/dev/sdb

    2. Set boot mode to "Legacy" in BIOS configuration, and boot from usb.
    2. Set boot mode to "Legacy" in BIOS configuration, and boot from USB.

    3. Connect to internet. Useful commands:

    @@ -34,12 +30,12 @@ I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is usb drive.

    4. Partitioning

    A drive should first be **partitioned** and afterwards the partitions should be formatted with a **file system**.
    A drive should first be **partitioned** and afterwards the partitions should be **formatted** with a file system.
    Use fdisk to create MBR partitions.

    # fdisk /dev/sda

    First, create an empty MBR partition table (WARNING: This will erase entire disk)
    First, create an empty MBR partition table (**WARNING:** This will erase entire disk)

    (fdisk) o

    @@ -193,7 +189,7 @@ I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is usb drive.
    # swapoff -a


    20. Reboot into the new system, don't forget to remove the cd/usb
    20. Reboot into the new system, don't forget to remove the CD/USB.

    # reboot

  23. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Nov 15, 2016. No changes.
  24. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Nov 15, 2016. 1 changed file with 1 addition and 1 deletion.
    2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion install-arch-v2.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is usb drive.
    # pacman -S xorg-server
    # pacman -S xorg-xinit
    # pacman -S xorg-server-utils
    # INSTALL GRAPHICS DRIVER
    # INSTALL GRAPHICS DRIVER (e.g. xf86-video-intel)
    # pacman -S xterm
    # startx
    # exit
  25. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Nov 15, 2016. 1 changed file with 7 additions and 5 deletions.
    12 changes: 7 additions & 5 deletions install-arch-v2.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -200,9 +200,11 @@ I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is usb drive.
    21. Start network and check internet

    # systemctl enable dhcpcd.service
    # systemctl start dhcpcd.service
    # systemctl start dhcpcd.service

    22. Install gdm
    22. System is installed now. If you want to install Gnome desktop, perform following steps.

    23. Install gdm

    # pacman -S gdm
    # pacman -S xorg-server
    @@ -213,13 +215,13 @@ I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is usb drive.
    # startx
    # exit

    23. Install Gnome
    24. Install Gnome

    # pacman -S gnome
    (Optional) # gnome-extra gnome-system-tools

    24. Enable GDM service
    25. Enable GDM service

    # systemctl enable gdm

    25. Reboot!
    26. Reboot!
  26. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Nov 15, 2016. 1 changed file with 2 additions and 0 deletions.
    2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions install-arch-v2.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
    Parent Tutorial:
    - https://gist.github.com/mattiaslundberg/8620837

    Muktware Tutorial:
    - http://www.muktware.io/arch-linux-guide-the-always-up-to-date-arch-linux-tutorial/

    Arch Linux Installation Guide:
    - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide

  27. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Nov 15, 2016. 1 changed file with 99 additions and 48 deletions.
    147 changes: 99 additions & 48 deletions install-arch-v2.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ There are 2 choices:
    I tried to install in UEFI mode, but my laptop (Acer E5-475-336H) had problems with it, and didn't boot after installation.
    This is how I installed arch linux in BIOS/MBR mode with full disk encryption (using LUKS), and LVM on LUKS.

    # IMPORTANT NOTE
    # [IMPORTANT] ASSUMPTIONS

    I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is usb drive.

    @@ -97,76 +97,127 @@ I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is usb drive.
    # lvcreate --size 80G vg0 --name root
    # lvcreate -l +100%FREE vg0 --name anbar

    7. Format LVM partitions
    7. Format LVM partitions

    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-root
    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-anbar
    # mkswap /dev/mapper/vg0-swap

    8. Mount the new system
    8. Mount the new system

    # mount /dev/mapper/vg0-root /mnt
    # mkdir /mnt/boot
    # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
    # swapon /dev/mapper/vg0-swap

    9. Install the base system

    # pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel openssh git vim

    mkdir /mnt/boot
    mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt/boot
    mkdir /mnt/boot/efi
    mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/boot/efi
    10. Generate /etc/fstab
    The /etc/fstab file can be used to define how disk partitions, various other block devices,
    or remote filesystems should be mounted into the filesystem.

    # Install the system also includes stuff needed for starting wifi when first booting into the newly installed system
    # Unless vim and zsh are desired these can be removed from the command
    pacstrap /mnt base base-devel grub-efi-x86_64 zsh vim git efibootmgr dialog wpa_supplicant
    # genfstab -pU /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

    (Optional) For making /tmp a ramdisk, add following line to /mnt/etc/fstab:

    tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0

    11. Enter the new system

    # arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

    12. Set TimeZone
    See available timezones: ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/

    # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tehran /etc/localtime

    13. Set Locale

    # vim /etc/locale.gen (uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8)
    # locale-gen
    # echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
    # export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

    14. Set the hardware clock mode uniformly between your operating systems.
    Otherwise, they may overwrite the hardware clock and cause time shifts.

    # hwclock --systohc --utc

    15. Set hostname

    # echo myhostname >/etc/hostname

    Add it to /etc/hosts:

    127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname

    16. Create User

    # 'install' fstab
    genfstab -pU /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
    # Make /tmp a ramdisk (add the following line to /mnt/etc/fstab)
    tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
    # Change relatime on all non-boot partitions to noatime (reduces wear if using an SSD)
    # useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s myusername
    # passwd myusername
    # visudo
    uncomment %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL

    # Enter the new system
    arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
    17. Configure mkinitcpio with modules needed for the initrd image

    # Setup system clock
    ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Stockholm /etc/localtime
    hwclock --systohc --utc
    # vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
    Add 'ext4' to MODULES
    Add 'encrypt' and 'lvm2' to HOOKS before 'filesystems'

    # Set the hostname
    echo MYHOSTNAME > /etc/hostname
    Regenerate initrd image

    # mkinitcpio -p linux

    18. Setup grub

    # pacman -S grub
    # grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda

    In /etc/default/grub edit the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX to:

    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=/dev/sda2:luks:allow-discards"

    [Tip] To automatically search for other operating systems on your computer,
    install os-prober (pacman -S os-prober) before running the next command.

    # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

    19. Exit new system and unmount all partitions

    # exit
    # umount -R /mnt
    # swapoff -a


    20. Reboot into the new system, don't forget to remove the cd/usb

    # reboot

    # Update locale
    echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 >> /etc/locale.conf
    echo LANGUAGE=en_US >> /etc/locale.conf
    echo LC_ALL=C >> /etc/locale.conf
    21. Start network and check internet

    # Set password for root
    passwd
    # systemctl enable dhcpcd.service
    # systemctl start dhcpcd.service

    # Add real user remove -s flag if you don't whish to use zsh
    # useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s /bin/zsh MYUSERNAME
    # passwd MYUSERNAME
    22. Install gdm

    # Configure mkinitcpio with modules needed for the initrd image
    vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
    # Add 'ext4' to MODULES
    # Add 'encrypt' and 'lvm2' to HOOKS before filesystems
    # pacman -S gdm
    # pacman -S xorg-server
    # pacman -S xorg-xinit
    # pacman -S xorg-server-utils
    # INSTALL GRAPHICS DRIVER
    # pacman -S xterm
    # startx
    # exit

    # Regenerate initrd image
    mkinitcpio -p linux
    23. Install Gnome

    # Setup grub
    grub-install
    In /etc/default/grub edit the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=/dev/sdX3:luks:allow-discards" then run:
    grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    # pacman -S gnome
    (Optional) # gnome-extra gnome-system-tools

    # Exit new system and go into the cd shell
    exit
    24. Enable GDM service

    # Unmount all partitions
    umount -R /mnt
    swapoff -a
    # systemctl enable gdm

    # Reboot into the new system, don't forget to remove the cd/usb
    reboot
    25. Reboot!
  28. @mjnaderi mjnaderi revised this gist Nov 14, 2016. 2 changed files with 172 additions and 101 deletions.
    101 changes: 0 additions & 101 deletions arch-linux-install
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
    # Install ARCH Linux with encrypted file-system and UEFI
    # The official installation guide (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_Guide) contains a more verbose description.

    # Download the archiso image from https://www.archlinux.org/
    # Copy to a usb-drive
    dd if=archlinux.img of=/dev/sdX bs=16M && sync # on linux

    # Boot from the usb. If the usb fails to boot, make sure that secure boot is disabled in the BIOS configuration.

    # Set swedish keymap
    loadkeys sv-latin1

    # This assumes a wifi only system...
    wifi-menu

    # Create partitions
    cgdisk /dev/sdX
    1 100MB EFI partition # Hex code ef00
    2 250MB Boot partition # Hex code 8300
    3 100% size partiton # (to be encrypted) Hex code 8300

    mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdX1
    mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdX2

    # Setup the encryption of the system
    cryptsetup -c aes-xts-plain64 -y --use-random luksFormat /dev/sdX3
    cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdX3 luks

    # Create encrypted partitions
    # This creates one partions for root, modify if /home or other partitions should be on separate partitions
    pvcreate /dev/mapper/luks
    vgcreate vg0 /dev/mapper/luks
    lvcreate --size 8G vg0 --name swap
    lvcreate -l +100%FREE vg0 --name root

    # Create filesystems on encrypted partitions
    mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-root
    mkswap /dev/mapper/vg0-swap

    # Mount the new system
    mount /dev/mapper/vg0-root /mnt # /mnt is the installed system
    swapon /dev/mapper/vg0-swap # Not needed but a good thing to test
    mkdir /mnt/boot
    mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt/boot
    mkdir /mnt/boot/efi
    mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/boot/efi

    # Install the system also includes stuff needed for starting wifi when first booting into the newly installed system
    # Unless vim and zsh are desired these can be removed from the command
    pacstrap /mnt base base-devel grub-efi-x86_64 zsh vim git efibootmgr dialog wpa_supplicant

    # 'install' fstab
    genfstab -pU /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
    # Make /tmp a ramdisk (add the following line to /mnt/etc/fstab)
    tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
    # Change relatime on all non-boot partitions to noatime (reduces wear if using an SSD)

    # Enter the new system
    arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

    # Setup system clock
    ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Stockholm /etc/localtime
    hwclock --systohc --utc

    # Set the hostname
    echo MYHOSTNAME > /etc/hostname

    # Update locale
    echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 >> /etc/locale.conf
    echo LANGUAGE=en_US >> /etc/locale.conf
    echo LC_ALL=C >> /etc/locale.conf

    # Set password for root
    passwd

    # Add real user remove -s flag if you don't whish to use zsh
    # useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s /bin/zsh MYUSERNAME
    # passwd MYUSERNAME

    # Configure mkinitcpio with modules needed for the initrd image
    vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
    # Add 'ext4' to MODULES
    # Add 'encrypt' and 'lvm2' to HOOKS before filesystems

    # Regenerate initrd image
    mkinitcpio -p linux

    # Setup grub
    grub-install
    In /etc/default/grub edit the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=/dev/sdX3:luks:allow-discards" then run:
    grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

    # Exit new system and go into the cd shell
    exit

    # Unmount all partitions
    umount -R /mnt
    swapoff -a

    # Reboot into the new system, don't forget to remove the cd/usb
    reboot
    172 changes: 172 additions & 0 deletions install-arch-v2.md
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
    Parent Tutorial:
    - https://gist.github.com/mattiaslundberg/8620837
    Muktware Tutorial:
    - http://www.muktware.io/arch-linux-guide-the-always-up-to-date-arch-linux-tutorial/
    Arch Linux Installation Guide:
    - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide

    There are 2 choices:
    - UEFI/GPT mode: UEFI boot mode / GPT partition table
    - BIOS/MBR mode: Legacy boot mode / MBR partition table

    I tried to install in UEFI mode, but my laptop (Acer E5-475-336H) had problems with it, and didn't boot after installation.
    This is how I installed arch linux in BIOS/MBR mode with full disk encryption (using LUKS), and LVM on LUKS.

    # IMPORTANT NOTE

    I assume that /dev/sda is the system's disk, and /dev/sdb is usb drive.


    # STEPS

    1. Download arch iso image from https://www.archlinux.org/ and copy to a usb drive.

    # dd if=arch.iso of=/dev/sdb

    2. Set boot mode to "Legacy" in BIOS configuration, and boot from usb.

    3. Connect to internet. Useful commands:

    # supervisorctl restart dhcpcd
    # wifi-menu

    4. Partitioning

    A drive should first be **partitioned** and afterwards the partitions should be formatted with a **file system**.
    Use fdisk to create MBR partitions.

    # fdisk /dev/sda

    First, create an empty MBR partition table (WARNING: This will erase entire disk)

    (fdisk) o

    We are going to create 2 main partitions (/dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2):

    Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
    /dev/sda1 2048 526335 524288 256M 83 Linux /boot
    /dev/sda2 526336 765986815 765460480 365G 83 Linux Encrypted with LUKS, 3 LVM partitions:
    swap vg0 -wi-ao---- 8.00g swap
    root vg0 -wi-ao---- 80.00g /
    anbar vg0 -wi-ao---- 277.00g
    /dev/sda3 765986816 976773167 210786352 100.5G 83 Linux (Optional) Other partitions if you need... You can encrypt them separately with another password

    Create partitions:

    (fdisk) n
    (fdisk) p
    (fdisk) 1
    (fdisk) <Enter>
    (fdisk) +256M
    (fdisk) t
    (fdisk) 83

    (fdisk) n
    (fdisk) p
    (fdisk) 2
    (fdisk) <Enter>
    (fdisk) +365G
    (fdisk) t
    (fdisk) 83

    (fdisk) n
    (fdisk) p
    (fdisk) 3
    (fdisk) <Enter>
    (fdisk) <Enter>
    (fdisk) t
    (fdisk) 83

    (fdisk) w (Write Changes)

    Format Partitions:

    mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda1

    5. Setup encryption

    # cryptsetup -c aes-xts-plain64 -y --use-random luksFormat /dev/sda2
    # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda2 luks

    6. Create LVM Partitions
    This creates one partions for root, modify if /home or other partitions should be on separate partitions

    # pvcreate /dev/mapper/luks
    # vgcreate vg0 /dev/mapper/luks
    # lvcreate --size 8G vg0 --name swap
    # lvcreate --size 80G vg0 --name root
    # lvcreate -l +100%FREE vg0 --name anbar

    7. Format LVM partitions

    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-root
    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-anbar
    # mkswap /dev/mapper/vg0-swap

    8. Mount the new system

    # mount /dev/mapper/vg0-root /mnt
    # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
    # swapon /dev/mapper/vg0-swap



    mkdir /mnt/boot
    mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt/boot
    mkdir /mnt/boot/efi
    mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/boot/efi

    # Install the system also includes stuff needed for starting wifi when first booting into the newly installed system
    # Unless vim and zsh are desired these can be removed from the command
    pacstrap /mnt base base-devel grub-efi-x86_64 zsh vim git efibootmgr dialog wpa_supplicant

    # 'install' fstab
    genfstab -pU /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
    # Make /tmp a ramdisk (add the following line to /mnt/etc/fstab)
    tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
    # Change relatime on all non-boot partitions to noatime (reduces wear if using an SSD)

    # Enter the new system
    arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

    # Setup system clock
    ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Stockholm /etc/localtime
    hwclock --systohc --utc

    # Set the hostname
    echo MYHOSTNAME > /etc/hostname

    # Update locale
    echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 >> /etc/locale.conf
    echo LANGUAGE=en_US >> /etc/locale.conf
    echo LC_ALL=C >> /etc/locale.conf

    # Set password for root
    passwd

    # Add real user remove -s flag if you don't whish to use zsh
    # useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s /bin/zsh MYUSERNAME
    # passwd MYUSERNAME

    # Configure mkinitcpio with modules needed for the initrd image
    vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
    # Add 'ext4' to MODULES
    # Add 'encrypt' and 'lvm2' to HOOKS before filesystems

    # Regenerate initrd image
    mkinitcpio -p linux

    # Setup grub
    grub-install
    In /etc/default/grub edit the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=/dev/sdX3:luks:allow-discards" then run:
    grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

    # Exit new system and go into the cd shell
    exit

    # Unmount all partitions
    umount -R /mnt
    swapoff -a

    # Reboot into the new system, don't forget to remove the cd/usb
    reboot
  29. @mattiaslundberg mattiaslundberg revised this gist Aug 21, 2016. 1 changed file with 1 addition and 1 deletion.
    2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion arch-linux-install
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ echo LC_ALL=C >> /etc/locale.conf
    passwd

    # Add real user remove -s flag if you don't whish to use zsh
    # useradd -m -g users -G wheel,storage,power -s /bin/zsh MYUSERNAME
    # useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s /bin/zsh MYUSERNAME
    # passwd MYUSERNAME

    # Configure mkinitcpio with modules needed for the initrd image
  30. @mattiaslundberg mattiaslundberg revised this gist Jan 7, 2016. 1 changed file with 3 additions and 3 deletions.
    6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions arch-linux-install
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ hwclock --systohc --utc
    echo MYHOSTNAME > /etc/hostname

    # Update locale
    echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
    echo LANGUAGE=en_US > /etc/locale.conf
    echo LC_ALL=C > /etc/locale.conf
    echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 >> /etc/locale.conf
    echo LANGUAGE=en_US >> /etc/locale.conf
    echo LC_ALL=C >> /etc/locale.conf

    # Set password for root
    passwd