Note: As of Ruby 3.0.0, Hash#except is now [part][1] of the language. However, Ruby does not implement Hash#except!.

Sometimes I want to remove a specific key-value pair from a Ruby hash and get the resulting hash back. If you're using Rails or ActiveSupport you can accomplish this using Hash#except:

hash = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }
hash.except(:a)     # => { b: 2, c: 3 }

# note, the original hash is not modified
hash # => { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }