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Bash Command Line Cheatsheet
Raw
bash-command-line-cheatsheet.txt
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| BASH COMMAND LINE CHEATSHEET |
| |
| by Alexandre Delaloy - @blyndusk |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] - GENERAL & SYSTEM
[1.0] - MY NOTATION
----
[D] Directory
[D...] Directory, directories
[F] File
[F...] Files
[FD] File, directory
[FD...] File, files, directory, directories
[1.1] - GETTING HELP
----
man [cmd] Read the manual for a given command
[cmd] -h | --help Ask the command for help
E.G.
man chmod
chmod -h
[1.2] - GET INFORMATIONS
----
uname -archive Display system and kernel
date Display system date
uptime Display uptime
top Display live informations about currently processes
whoami Display your username
clear Clear the current terminal
[1.3] - SHUTDOWN THE SYSTEM AT A GIVEN TIME
----
shutdown [TIME] Shutdown the system at [TIME]
-- --
shutdown -s [TIME] The system is put to sleep at [TIME]
shutdown -r [TIME] The system is rebooted at [TIME]
shutdown -h [TIME] The system is halted at [TIME]
E.G.
shutdown -h now
shutdown -r 8:00
[1.4] - ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
----
env Display all environment variables
-- --
$USERNAME The name of the user
$HOSTNAME The name of your computer
$HOME The home directory of the current user
$PWD The path to workdir directory
$OLDPWD The path to the previous workdir directory
$PS1 The prompt settings
$SHELL The path to default shell
$EDITOR The path to default text editor
[1.5] - WILDCARDS AND REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
----
STANDARD WILDCARDS (GLOBBING PATTERNS)
? Represent any single character
* Represent any number of character
[] Specifies a range
{} Terms are separated by commas
[!] Logical NOT
REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
. Match any single character
? Match between 0 and 1 of the precending token
* Match 0 or more of the precending token
+ Match 1 or more of the precending token
.* Match any string, similar to * in standard
^ Match the beginging of a string / a line
$ Match the end of a string / a line
\ Used to escape character
| Logical OR
[] Specifies a range
[^] Logical NOT
CATEGORIES OF CHARACTERS
[:upper:] | A-Z Uppercase letters
[:lower:] | a-z Lowercase letters
[:alpha:] | A-z [:upper:] + [:lower:]
[:digit:] | 0-9 Numbers in decimal, 0 to 9
[:alnum:] | A-z0-9 [:upper:] + [:lower:] + [:digit:]
[:space:] Whitespace
[1.6] - RERUN COMMANDS AND REUSE ARGUMENTS
----
COMMAND RUN => [du -h /], [ls $HOME]
![a-z] Rerun the command matching the [a-z] string
!! Rerun the last command
!* All arguments of the last command
!^ First argument of the last command
!$ Last argument of the last command
E.G.
!d => du -h /
!ls => ls $HOME
!! => ls $HOME
!! | grep 'bar' => ls $HOME | grep 'bar'
adduser john => Permission denied
sudo !! => ok
touch /bin/hello-world.sh => ok
vim !* => vim /bin/hello-world.sh
chmod +x !* => chmod +x /bin/hello-world.sh
touch foo.txt bar.txt => ok
ls !* => ls foo.txt bar.txt
ls !$ => ls bar.txt
[1.7] - INPUT / OUTPUT HANDLING
----
[CMD] > [FILE] Standard output (stdout) of [CMD] to [FILE]
[CMD] >> [FILE] Append the output of [CMD] into [FILE]
[CMD1] | [CMD1] Stdout of [CMD1] to [CMD2]
[CMD] > /dev/null Discard stdout of [CMD]
E.G.
ls -la > foo.txt
pwd >> bar.txt
cat ~/.bash_history | grep 'docker' | less
[2] - FILES AND DIRECTORIES MANIPULATION, NAVIGATION AND DISPLAY
[2.1] - LISTING FILE(S) AND DIRECTOR(Y/IES) CONTENT
----
ls [FD...] List file(s) or director(y/ies) at [FD...]
-- --
ls [FD1...] [FD2...] List both [FD1...] and [FD2...]
ls -a [FD...] Show all files, including hidden files
ls -l [FD...] Long listing format
ls -t [FD...] Sort by last modified
ls -S [FD...] Sort by file size
ls -R [FD...] Recursive listing
ls -F [FD...] Show type of each file
(/=directory, *=executable, @=link)
E.G.
ls ~/foo
ls -laS $HOME ./bar
[2.2] - CHANGING DIRECTORY
----
cd [D] Change into the directory at [D]
-- --
cd Change into your home directory ($HOME)
cd .. Go to the parent directory
cd ../../ n times Go up n parent directories
(cd ../../../ => 3 parents directories)
cd - Change to the previous directory
cd ~n Change into n directory (see dirs command)
pwd Return working directory fullname
E.G.
cd ~/foo
cd ../../../../
cd ~0
[2.3] - CREATING FILE(S) AND DIRECTOR(Y/IES)|
----
mkdir [D...] Create director(y/ies) at [D...]
-- --
mkdir -p [D...] Create one or more parents directories if needed
(mkdir -p foo/bar => 2 parents directories)
touch [F...] Create file(s) if does not exist
E.G.
mkdir ./bar
mkdir -p ~/foo/bar ./bar
touch ~/foo/bar/foobar.txt
touch foo.txt ~/foo/bar.txt
[2.4] - REMOVING FILE(S) AND DIRECTOR(Y/IES)
----
rmdir [D...] Remove director(y/ies) at [D...] (it must be empty)
rm [F...] Remove file(s) at [F...]
-- --
rm -r [FD...] Recursively remove all files, subdirectories and
files into subdirectories starting at [FD...]
rm -i [F...] Run in interactive mode
rm -f [F...] Remove regardless of the [F...] permissions
E.G.
rmdir ~/foo ./bar
rm -f ~/foo/bar/foobar.txt
rm -ri ~/foo/bar
rm -rf ~/foo ./bar
[2.5] - COPYING, MOVING AND RENAMING FILE(S) AND DIRECTOR(Y/IES)
----
[cp/mv] [F...] [D] Copy/Move file(s) at [F...] to directory at [D]
-- --
cp -r [FD...] [D] Copy file(s) and director(y/ies) recursively to [D]
(directory, files, subdir and subfiles)
mv [OLDFILE] [NEWFILE] Rename [OLDFILE] to [NEWFILE]
E.G.
[cp/mv] foo.txt bar.txt ~/bar/
cp -r ~/foo/ ~/bar/
mv foo.txt bar.txt
[2.6] - DISPLAYING LIST OD CURRENTLY REMEMBERED DIRECTORIES
----
dirs [D...] Display the history of directories at [D...]
-- --
dirs -l Long list format
E.G.
dirs -l
dirs ~
[2.7] - VIEWING FILE(S)
----
cat [F...] Display the content of file(s) at [F...]
less [F...] Browse throught a text file(s) at [F...]
head [F...] Output the top portion of file(s) at [F...]
tail [F...] Output the bottom of file(s) at [F...]
--
cat -n [F...] Display with line numbers output
[head/tail] -n [F...] Display n number of lines (10 by default)
E.G.
cat -n foo.txt
head -6 foo.txt
[2.8] - EDITING FILE(S)
----
vim [F...] Use vim editor to view/modify a file(s) at [F...]
nano [F...] Use nano editor to view/modify a file(s) at [F...]
E.G.
vim foo.txt
nano bar.txt
[2.9] - SORTING FILE(S) CONTENT
----
sort [F...] Sort/merge lines of text/binary file(s) at [F...]
-- --
sort -r [F...] Sort in reverse order
sort -u [F...] Suppress all lines that is equal to another
sort -o [OUTPUT_FILE] [F...] Print the output to [OUTPUT_FILE]
sort -k n [F...] Sort by key (n is the field number)
E.G.
sort -ru -o bar.txt foo.txt
sort -k 2 foo.txt
[2.10] - SEARCH PATTERN IN FILE AND STRING
----
grep [PATTERN] [F...] Search [PATTERN] in file(s) at [F...]
-- --
grep -E [PATTERN] [F...] Search with extended regex
grep -f [PATTERN_FILE] [F...] Search with a file pattern using [PATTERN_FILE]
grep -i [PATTERN] [F...] Search with case insensitive
grep -o [PATTERN] [F...] Output only the match, not the entire line
grep -n [PATTERN] [F...] Prefix output with line number
E.G.
ls -la | grep '[[:digit:]]'
cat foo.txt | grep -nio 'foo'
grep -E '^[A-Z]+*[0-9]' foo.txt
grep -f patterns.txt foo.txt
[2.11] - STREAM EDIT AND TEXT TRANSFORMATION
----
sed 's/[FIND]/[REPLACE]/[FLAGS]' [F...] Output the file with [FIND] pattern replaced with
[REPLACE], with optional [FLAGS] at [F...]
-- --
sed 's///' [F...] > [F] Create a new file with the output of original file
sed -i.bak 's///' [F...] Create a backup file (foo.txt.bak), rewrite foo.txt
sed -e 's///' -e 's///' [F...] Using multiple expressions
sed -E 's///' [F...] Search with extended regex
sed -f [PATTERN_FILE] [F...] Search with a file pattern using [PATTERN_FILE]
E.G.
cat foo.txt | sed 's/foo/bar/'
sed -i.backup -f foo.sed foo.txt
sed -E 's/^[A-Z]+[^0-9]/bar' foo.txt
[2.12] - FINDING FILES IN DIRECTOR(Y/IES)
----
find [D...] -name [NAME] Find files matching the [NAME] in director(y/ies)
at [D...]
-- --
find [D...] -name [NAME] -type [TYPE] Find files with specific type
find [D...] -name [NAME] -delete Find files and delete them
find [D...] -path [EXPR] Find files matching a pattern
E.G.
find ~/foo -name 'foo'
find ./bar -type f -delete
find -path '*Library*' -type d -name 'bar'
[2.13] - CHANGE FILE MODE, ACCESS, PREMISSIONS AND OWNER
----
chmod [MODE] [F...] Change mode of file(s) at [F...]
chown [OWNER]:[GROUP] [F...] Change owner and group of file(s) at [F...]
-- --
chmod -R [MODE] [D...] Change permission of director(y/ies), subfile(s)
and subdirector(y/ies)
chown -R [OWNER]:[GROUP] [D...] Change owner and group of director(y/ies),
subfile(s) and subdirector(y/ies)
E.G.
chmod +x-rw foo.sh
chmod -R 600 ~/foo ./bar
chown user1 foo.sh
[2.14] - MANIPULATING TAR ARCHIVE(S)
----
tar -[ctx]f [OUTPUT_FILE] [FD...] Manipulate archive from file(s) and director(y/ies)
OPTIONS
-c Create a tar archive
-x Extract files from the archive
-t Display the table of contents (list)
-v Be verbose
-z Use compression
-f [OUTPUT_FILE] Output archive file to [OUTPUT_FILE]
E.G.
tar -czvf foo.gz ~/foo Create a archive named 'foo.gz' from the 'foo' dir
using verbose and compression
tar -tf foo.gz List 'foo.gz' files in archive
tar -xzf foo.gz Extract 'foo.gz' content in the workdir
[2.15] - DISPLAYING DISK USAGE STATE
----
du Estimate file(s) usage (all files in workdir)
-- --
du [FD...] Estimate file(s) usage at [FD...]
du -h Display size in human readable format (octets)
du -k Display size in Kilobytes
E.G.
du ~/foo ./bar
du -h /
[3] - NETWORK
[3.1] - REMOTE LOGIN TO A HOST OR INSTANCE
----
ssh [USER]@[HOST] Establish a SSH connection to the [HOST] with user [USER]
--
ssh -i [SSHKEY] [USER]@[HOST] Connect using the provided private SSH key
ssh -p [PORT] [USER]@[HOST] Connect with a specific port
E.G.
ssh [email protected]
ssh -i ~/.ssh/foo_key [email protected]
ssh -p 666 [email protected]
[3.2] - STATUS OF A HOST
----
ping [HOST] Ping [HOST] and display STATUS
-- --
ping -c n [HOST] Stop after receiving n packets
ping -i n [HOST] Wait n seconds between sending each packet
ping -v [HOST] Show verbose output
E.G.
ping google.com
ping -c 6 -i 2 -v reddit.com
[3.3] - TRANSFER A URL
----
curl [URL] Output the response of the URL
-- --
curl [URL] > [F] Output written in file at [F]
curl -sS [URL] Silent mode, only show errors
curl -sS [URL] | [LANGUAGE] Execute the response with a specific [LANGUAGE]
E.G.
curl localhost:80
curl localhost:80 > foo.sh
curl -sS localhost:80 | sh
[3.4] - GET INFORMATION ABOUT A DOMAIN
----
whois [DOMAIN] Get all informations about a [DOMAIN]
-- --
whois -h [HOST] Use specific [HOST]
whois -p [PORT] Use specific [PORT]
E.G.
whois reddit.com
whois -p 666
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| BASH COMMAND LINE CHEATSHEET |
| |
| by Alexandre Delaloy - @blyndusk |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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