To make this work in CSS:

background: url('images.svg#chart');

or img:

<img src="images.svg#chart">

You need to structure images.svg in a way that enables SVG fragment identifiers. There are 3 ways I know of:

1. SVG stack with global viewBox

You'd use this when all images are the same size.

<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<defs>
		<style>
		.img { display: none }
		.img:target { display: inline }
		</style>
	</defs>

	<g id="chart" class="img">
		<rect x="6" width="4" height="16"/>
		<rect x="12" y="4" width="4" height="12"/>
		<rect x="0" y="8" width="4" height="8"/>
	</g>

	<!-- more "g" tags -->
</svg>

2. SVG stack with per image viewBox

You'd use this when every image has different size.

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<defs>
		<style>
		.img { display: none }
		.img:target { display: inline }
		</style>
	</defs>

	<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16">
		<g id="chart" class="img">
			<rect x="6" width="4" height="16"/>
			<rect x="12" y="4" width="4" height="12"/>
			<rect x="0" y="8" width="4" height="8"/>
		</g>
	</svg>

	<!-- more "svg > g" tags -->
</svg>

3. SVG sprite with ID'd views

This one is sub-optimal. When mismatching target element to image size ratio, you might see other sprites peeking from sides. You'd have to make big gaps between images, but that's ugly and not bulletproof.

It is also more annoying to write build scripts for. But here it is anyway:

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<view id="chart" viewBox="0 0 16 16"/>
	<view id="plus" viewBox="16 0 16 16"/>

	<g transform="translate(0 0)">
		<rect x="6" width="4" height="16"/>
		<rect x="12" y="4" width="4" height="12"/>
		<rect x="0" y="8" width="4" height="8"/>
	</g>

	<g transform="translate(16 0)">
		<mask id="m" x="0" y="0" width="1" height="1">
			<circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="white"/>
			<line x1="8" y1="3" x2="8" y2="13" stroke="black" stroke-width="2"/>
			<line x1="3" y1="8" x2="13" y2="8" stroke="black" stroke-width="2"/>
		</mask>
		<rect width="16" height="16" mask="url(#m)"/>
	</g>
</svg>

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Currently, SVG fragment identifiers in CSS backgrounds work only in FF and IE, and will work in Chrome as soon as crbug.com/128055 is fixed.