kilee1230 · January 23, 2024 10:15 · Jan 3, 2021
diff --git a/RenewExpiredGPGkey.md b/RenewExpiredGPGkey.md
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+# Updating expired GPG keys and their backup 🔑🔐💻
+
+I use a GPG key to sign my git commits.
+
+An error like this one might be a sign of an expired GPG key.
+
+```
+error: gpg failed to sign the data fatal: failed to write commit object
+```
+
+## 1. Check if you have an expired key
+
+-   On your machine, open up the shell (git bash on Windows) and type
+
+```
+gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format LONG
+```
+
+-   This will list out all your secret keys in the following fomat:
+
+```
+/home/TheSherlockHomie/.gnupg/pubring.kbx
+---------------------------------
+sec   rsa4096/HJ6582DC8B78GTU 2020-12-09 [SC] [expires: 2025-05-01]
+      15JHUG1D325F458624HF7521B3F5D82DC458H
+uid                 [ultimate] TheSherlockHomie (Key to sign git commits) <[email protected]>
+ssb   rsa4096/11HGTH5483DD0A 2020-12-09 [E] [expires: 2025-05-01]
+```
+
+-   If your keys are expired, you'll se `expired` instead of the expiration date.
+
+## 2. Renew the expired key
+
+-   Now that you know for sure that your commit signing key has expired, let's renew the expiration date:
+
+```
+gpg --edit-key KEYID
+
+// where KEYID is of the key you want to renew. Here, it is HJ6582DC8B78GTU
+```
+
+-   Now in the intearctive gpg shell,
+
+```
+gpg> expire
+```
+
+-   When prompted type `1y` or however long you want the key to last for.
+-   Now to renew all our subkeys too.
+
+```
+key 1
+key 2 //and so on, depending on the subkeys you have
+```
+
+-   A star will sppear before all selected keys.
+
+```
+gpg> expire
+```
+
+-   Again, set the expiration time for your subkeys.
+
+## 3. Set the trust level
+
+-   Since the key has changed, we now need to trust it. We might get a warning `There is no assurance this key belongs to the named user` otherwise.
+
+```
+gpg> trust
+```
+
+-   Set the trust level `5` (for ultimate) or whatever is the trust level of the key.
+
+## 4. Save your work
+
+```
+gpg> save
+```
+
+## 5. Updating the expired key on Github
+
+-   For the gpg key you updated, export its public key:
+
+```
+$ gpg --armor --export KEYID
+# Prints the GPG key ID, in ASCII armor format
+```
+
+-   Copy your GPG key, beginning with `-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----` and ending with `-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----`
+-   Navigate to `Github>Settings>SSH and GPG keys`
+-   Delete the expired key.
+-   Add the new key that you copied.
+-   "Your previous commits and tags will show as verified, as long as the key meets all other verification requirements." - Github
+
+## 6. Backup your key and trust database
+
+-   There is [more than one way](https://gist.github.com/chrisroos/1205934) to accomplish this.
+-   The method I prefer is:
+
+```
+gpg --output backupkeys.pgp --armor --export-secret-keys --export-options export-backup [email protected]
+```
+
+-   This will create a file `backupkeys.pgp` on your present working directory. Make sure to store it safely.
+-   If this key is important to you, you may want to print out the key on paper using [paperkey](https://www.jabberwocky.com/software/paperkey/), and store it in a fireproof/waterproof safe.
+-   Now export the trust database
+
+```
+gpg --export-ownertrust > ownertrust-gpg.txt
+```
+
+-   This will create a file `ownertrust-gpg.txt` on your present working directory. Keep it along with your backup keys.
+
+## 7. Importing the backed-up keys
+
+-   You might have multiple machines where you need the key, or you might have a setup like me, where I use Ubuntu on WSL and Windows both for development.
+-   Transfer the keys to your machine, open a shell (or Git Bash), and type:
+
+```
+gpg --import backupkeys.pgp
+gpg --import-ownertrust ownertrust-gpg.txt
+```
+
+-   Now verify that you have the keys
+
+```
+gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format LONG
+gpg --list-keys --keyid-format LONG
+```
+
+-   Which should show your secret and public keys respectively.
+-   If you do not have the owner trust backup file, you'll need to manually set the trust level:
+
+```
+gpg --edit-key KEYID
+gpg> trust
+```
+
+-   And set the trust level accordingly.
+
+## 8. References
+
+-   [Github Docs - Updating an expired GPG key](https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/github/authenticating-to-github/updating-an-expired-gpg-key)
+-   [Github Docs - Checking for existing GPG keys](https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/github/authenticating-to-github/checking-for-existing-gpg-keys)
+-   [Github Docs - Generating a new GPG key](https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/github/authenticating-to-github/generating-a-new-gpg-key)
+-   [Github Docs - Adding a new GPG key to your GitHub account](https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/github/authenticating-to-github/adding-a-new-gpg-key-to-your-github-account)
+
+-   [krisleech - Renew Expired GPG key (Github Gists)](https://gist.github.com/krisleech/760213ed287ea9da85521c7c9aac1df0s)(And shirohana, with the comment reminding to save your work)
+-   [Thomas Eisenbarth - GPG: Extract private key and import on different machine (on makandracards.com)](https://makandracards.com/makandra-orga/37763-gpg-extract-private-key-and-import-on-different-machine)
+-   [Unix & Linux StackExchange - How to export a GPG private key and public key to a file (answered by RubberStamp and edited by Mitch Talmadge)](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/481939/how-to-export-a-gpg-private-key-and-public-key-to-a-file)
+-   [chrisroos - Instructions for exporting/importing (backup/restore) GPG keys (on Github Gists)](https://gist.github.com/chrisroos/1205934)
+-   [Unix & Linux StackExchange - gpg —list-keys command outputs uid [ unknown ] after importing private key onto a clean install (answered by RubberStamp)](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/407062/gpg-list-keys-command-outputs-uid-unknown-after-importing-private-key-onto)