A LEFT JOIN returns all of the rows from the left table and fills the missing values from the right table with NULL values.
A RIGHT JOIN is the inverse of a left join in that it returns all of the rows from the right table while filling the missing values from the left table with NULL values.
Mutability and immutability are key concepts in both object-oriented and functional programming. This refers to the ability of an object to change its internal state.
Simply put, a mutable object can have its internal state changed aka 'mutated', whereas an immutable object cannot be changed once created.
However, like the grammar rules in learning a new language, there are some exceptions. In some cases, an object may be considered immutable even if certain internal attributes change but the object's external state remains unchanged. For example, an object that uses optimization techniques to cache the results of expensive computations, can still be considered immutable.
Strings are an example of objects that are immutable. They are frequently used in programming to improve readability and runtime efficiency. These objects are also advantageous because they are by nature, thread-safe, easier to understand and reason about, and provide great
So let us begin by answering the burning question, what is Encapsulation?
To put it simply, encapsulation is the process of surrounding an object with other components in order to conceal its internal details from users.
There are several examples of encapsulation in Java, for example. This concept is easily demonstrated using the class keyword. This keyword enables programmers to create their own custom classes that contain a collection of data and methods used by their programs. These classes can be thought of as belonging to a separate "layer" that only the class's creator has access to.
Let us delve deeper and examine the three types of encapsulation:
A class's member variables and methods are encapsulated from outside the class. In theory, this is accomplished by concealing variables and methods within a class. A programmer cannot access or call internal variables or methods unless the code that makes up the class explicitly
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical component of the internet, allowing users to access websites and other online resources by using simple names rather than long strings of numbers. Let's go deeper and learn more about DNS.
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a server-based network that converts human-readable domain names into machine-readable numerical addresses. It is a necessary component of the internet because it allows users to access websites and other online resources by using simple names rather than long strings of numbers.
Let's say you have a burning question that you'd like Google to answer. When you enter "www.google.com" into your web browser, your computer sends a request to a DNS server, which then converts the domain name into an IP address (e.g., 192.158.1.38). The DNS server responds with the correct IP address, and your computer can then request the webpage from the web
Data structures are the fundamental constructs around which you build your programs. Let's look at the 4 most common types, List,Tuple,Set and Dictionary.
We can compare these structure on the following five characteristics:
Simply put, DDL is a subset of SQL commands that we use to create and modify the structure of objects in a database. We can change the database structure by adding new tables or objects with all of their attributes such as data type, table name, and so on.
To gain a better understanding, let's delve deeper into each DDL command shown in the diagram. To demonstrate these commands, let's pretend we're working on a database with in a fictitious music store. We decided to incorporate SQL and databases into our business operations after hearing the benefits of staying current with technology.
So you’ve landed an interview for an advanced SQL or data analytics position. Chances are you will be asked about your knowledge on SQL Window Functions. Let’s explore these functions further to get you set up and ready to ace that interview.
To illustrate these functions we will be looking at a short dataset containing information about employees from a fictitious company.
Window Functions are SQL functions that preform operations on a particular set of rows that we call a window or window frame.
So you’re harnessing the power of using SQL. Although it’s one of the easier programming languages to understand, it still holds some complexities.
Below we will go through some useful SQL commands that you can use as a reference guide, like the bread and butter for your SQL projects. We will be using a dataset which contains information on New York Cities Airbnb listings available on Kaggle.
By using DDL we can change the structure of our tables. Since all the command of DDL are auto committed it permanently saves all the changes in the database.
So you're thinking of building a machine learning project, and it's time to decide on a programming language. Although programming languages R and Python offer similar capabilities, they differ in syntax, libraries and community support. Let's take a closer look at the two.
R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. It was created by statisticians for statistics, specifically for working with data. It is used by companies like Deloitte, Facebook, Instagram and Google.
An Algorithm is defined as:
A series of mathematical steps, especially in a computer program, which will give you the answer to a particular kind of problem or question.
In simple terms, an algorithm refers to a set of steps used to complete a specific task. For programming it is the building blocks which allow things like computers, smartphones, and websites to function and make decisions.
