ovichiro · March 13, 2025 13:12 · Sep 4, 2018 · Aug 17, 2018 · Aug 17, 2018
diff --git a/tomcat-linux.service.md b/tomcat-linux.service.md
@@ -128,7 +128,9 @@ Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.6/temp/tomcat.pid
 Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.6
 Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.6
 Environment=CATALINA_OPTS=
-Environment="JAVA_OPTS=-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Dnet.sf.ehcache.skipUpdateCheck=true -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:+UseParNewGC -Xms2g -Xmx4g"
+Environment="JAVA_OPTS=-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Dnet.sf.ehcache.skipUpdateCheck=true \
+-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled \
+-XX:+UseParNewGC -Xms2g -Xmx4g"
 
 ExecStart=/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.6/bin/startup.sh
 ExecStop=/bin/kill -15 $MAINPID

diff --git a/tomcat-linux.service.md b/tomcat-linux.service.md
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ chown -R tomcat.tomcat /opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.6
 ### Using init.d
 
 Add `/etc/init.d/tomcat` init script. Notice there are other init scripts in `/etc/init.d/`.  
-The script shown below will have a LSB type header to define dependencies and runlevels. Some details here: https://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts  
+The script shown below will have a LSB type header to define dependencies and runlevels.  
+Some details here: https://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts  
 It will start and stop the server as the `tomcat` user, preserving the existing environment variables, by using `su -p -s /bin/sh tomcat ...`.  
 
 

diff --git a/tomcat-linux.service.md b/tomcat-linux.service.md
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+Install Tomcat as a service on Linux
+======================================
+
+Download Tomcat from the Apache website.  
+Unpack in `/opt/apache-tomcat-x.y.z`. E.g. `/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.6`.  
+You'll need a terminal and root access.  
+
+
+## Create Tomcat user with restricted permissions
+
+This is the user the Tomcat service will run as.
+
+```sh
+groupadd tomcat
+useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g tomcat -d /opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.6 tomcat
+passwd tomcat
+```
+
+
+Set the `tomcat` user as the owner of the $CATALINA_HOME folder.
+
+```sh
+chown -R tomcat.tomcat /opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.6
+```
+
+
+## Configure Tomcat to run as a service
+
+### Using init.d
+
+Add `/etc/init.d/tomcat` init script. Notice there are other init scripts in `/etc/init.d/`.  
+The script shown below will have a LSB type header to define dependencies and runlevels. Some details here: https://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts  
+It will start and stop the server as the `tomcat` user, preserving the existing environment variables, by using `su -p -s /bin/sh tomcat ...`.  
+
+
+```sh
+#!/bin/bash
+
+### BEGIN INIT INFO
+# Provides:          tomcat
+# Required-Start:    $network $remote_fs $syslog
+# Required-Stop:     $network $remote_fs $syslog
+# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
+# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
+# Short-Description: Start Tomcat at boot time
+# Description:       Start Tomcat at boot time
+### END INIT INFO
+
+export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre
+export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.6
+export JAVA_OPTS="-Xms250m -Xmx1024m"
+
+RETVAL=$?
+case $1 in
+start)
+    if [ -f $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh ];
+    then
+        echo $"Starting Tomcat"
+        su -p -s /bin/sh tomcat $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
+    fi
+    ;; 
+stop)   
+    if [ -f $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh ];
+    then
+        echo $"Stopping Tomcat"
+        su -p -s /bin/sh tomcat $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
+    fi
+    ;; 
+*)
+    echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
+    exit 1
+    ;;
+esac
+
+exit $RETVAL
+```
+
+Make the script executable:
+
+```sh
+chmod ug+x /etc/init.d/tomcat
+```
+
+Configure the system to run the script at boot:
+
+```sh
+sudo update-rc.d tomcat defaults     # Debian, Ubuntu
+sudo chkconfig --add tomcat          # Red Hat & co.
+```
+
+If you want to remove the service
+
+```sh
+sudo update-rc.d -f tomcat remove    # Debian, Ubuntu
+```
+
+To start/stop the script manually:
+
+```sh
+service tomcat [start | stop]
+```
+
+Or the old-fashioned way (Ubuntu):
+
+```sh
+/etc/init.d/tomcat [start | stop]
+```
+
+
+### Using systemd
+
+Add `/etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service` init script:  
+
+```sh
+# Systemd unit file for tomcat
+[Unit]
+Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
+After=syslog.target network.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=forking
+User=tomcat
+Group=tomcat
+
+Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre
+Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.6/temp/tomcat.pid
+Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.6
+Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.6
+Environment=CATALINA_OPTS=
+Environment="JAVA_OPTS=-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Dnet.sf.ehcache.skipUpdateCheck=true -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:+UseParNewGC -Xms2g -Xmx4g"
+
+ExecStart=/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.6/bin/startup.sh
+ExecStop=/bin/kill -15 $MAINPID
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
+```
+
+The script tells the system to run the service as the `tomcat` user with the specified configs.
+
+Reload Systemd in order to discover and load the new Tomcat service file:
+
+```sh
+systemctl daemon-reload
+```
+
+Enable the service to start at boot:
+
+```sh
+systemctl enable tomcat.service
+```
+
+To control the service:
+
+```sh
+service tomcat [start | stop | restart | status]
+```
+
+Or with Systemd directly:
+
+```sh
+systemctl [start | stop | restart | status] tomcat
+```
+
+
+## Configure Tomcat with APR native library
+
+For better performance, scalability and SSL usage, especially on production environments, it is recommended to configure Tomcat to run with the APR library.
+
+Docs: https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.5-doc/apr.html
+
+