Elixir + Phoenix Framework 1.3 + Guardian + JWT(Refresh, Revoke, Recover) + Comeonin

User model bootstrap

Let's generate User model and controller.

mix ecto.create
mix phoenix.gen.json Accounts User users email:string password_hash:string

Now we need to add users path to our API routes.

defmodule MyAppName.Router do
  # ...
  scope "/api/v1", MyAppNameWeb do
    pipe_through :api

    resources "/users", UserController, except: [:new, :edit]
  end
  # ...
end

Also we need to do some fixes in migration file. If you need uuid instead of id we need to add :binary_id field and disable native primary_key. If you have columns with unique values you also need to call unique_index method. Also we need to add default and not null instructions.

defmodule MyAppName.Repo.Migrations.CreateMyAppName.Accounts.User do
  use Ecto.Migration

  def change do
    create table(:accounts_users, primary_key: false) do
      add :id, :binary_id, primary_key: true
      add :email, :string, null: false
      add :name, :string, null: false
      add :phone, :string, null: true
      add :password_hash, :string, null: false
      add :is_admin, :boolean, null: false, default: false

      timestamps()
    end

    create unique_index(:accounts_users, [:email])
  end
end

Let's migrate DB.

mix ecto.migrate

Preparing environment

We need to generate secret key for development environment.

mix phoenix.gen.secret
# ednkXywWll1d2svDEpbA39R5kfkc9l96j0+u7A8MgKM+pbwbeDsuYB8MP2WUW1hf

Guardian requires serializer for JWT token generation, so we need to create it lib/my_app_name/token_serializer.ex. You need to restart your server, after adding files to lib folder.

defmodule MyAppName.GuardianSerializer do
  @behaviour Guardian.Serializer

  alias MyAppName.Repo
  alias MyAppName.Accounts.User

  def for_token(user = %User{}), do: { :ok, "User:#{user.id}" }
  def for_token(_), do: { :error, "Unknown resource type" }

  def from_token("User:" <> id), do: { :ok, Repo.get(User, id) }
  def from_token(_), do: { :error, "Unknown resource type" }
end

After that we need to add Guardian configuration. Add guardian base configuration to your config/config.exs

config :guardian, Guardian,
  allowed_algos: ["HS512"], # optional
  verify_module: Guardian.JWT,  # optional
  issuer: "MyAppName",
  ttl: { 30, :days },
  allowed_drift: 2000,
  verify_issuer: true, # optional
  secret_key: "ednkXywWll1d2svDEpbA39R5kfkc9l96j0+u7A8MgKM+pbwbeDsuYB8MP2WUW1hf", # Insert previously generated secret key!
  serializer: MyAppName.GuardianSerializer

Add guardian dependency to your mix.exs

defp deps do
  [
    # ...
    {:guardian, "~> 0.14"},
    # ...
  ]
end

Fetch and compile dependencies

mix do deps.get, compile

Guardian is ready!

Model authentication part

User tweaks

Next step is to add validations to lib/my_app_name/accounts/user.ex. Virtual :password field will exist in Ecto structure, but not in the database, so we are able to provide password to the model’s changesets and, therefore, validate that field.

defmodule MyAppName.Accounts.User do
  # ...
  @primary_key {:id, :binary_id, autogenerate: true}

  schema "accounts_users" do
    field :email, :string
    field :name, :string
    field :phone, :string
    field :password, :string, virtual: true # We need to add this row
    field :password_confirmation, :string, virtual: true # Confirmation for password field
    field :password_hash, :string
    field :is_admin, :boolean, default: false

    timestamps()
  end
  # ...
end

Validations and password hashing

Add comeonin dependency to your mix.exs

#...
def application do
  [applications: [:comeonin]] # Add comeonin to OTP application
end
# ...
defp deps do
  [
    # ...
    {:comeonin, "~> 3.0"} # Add comeonin to dependencies
    # ...
  ]
end

Now we need to edit lib/my_app_name/accounts/user.ex, add validations for [:email, password] and integrate password hash generation. Also we need separate changeset functions for internal usage and API registration.

defmodule MyAppName.Accounts.User do
  #...
  def changeset(%User{} = user, attrs) do
    user
    |> cast(attrs, [:email, :name, :phone, :password, :is_admin])
    |> validate_required([:email, :name, :password])
    |> validate_changeset
  end

  def registration_changeset(%User{} = user, attrs) do
    user
    |> cast(attrs, [:email, :name, :phone, :password, :password_confirmation])
    |> validate_required([:email, :name, :phone, :password, :password_confirmation])
    |> validate_confirmation(:password)
    |> validate_changeset
  end

  defp validate_changeset(user) do
    user
    |> validate_length(:email, min: 5, max: 255)
    |> validate_format(:email, ~r/@/)
    |> unique_constraint(:email)
    |> validate_length(:password, min: 8)
    |> validate_format(:password, ~r/^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d).*/, [message: "Must include at least one lowercase letter, one uppercase letter, and one digit"])
    |> generate_password_hash
  end

  defp generate_password_hash(changeset) do
    case changeset do
      %Ecto.Changeset{valid?: true, changes: %{password: password}} ->
        put_change(changeset, :password_hash, Comeonin.Bcrypt.hashpwsalt(password))
      _ ->
        changeset
    end
  end
  #...
end

API authentication with Guardian

Let's add headers check in our lib/my_app_name/web/router.ex for further authentication flow.

defmodule MyAppName.Router do
  # ...
  pipeline :api do
    plug :accepts, ["json"]
    plug Guardian.Plug.VerifyHeader
    plug Guardian.Plug.LoadResource
  end

  pipeline :authenticated do
    plug Guardian.Plug.EnsureAuthenticated
  end
  # ...
  scope "/api/v1", MyAppName.Web do
    pipe_through :api

    pipe_through :authenticated # restrict unauthenticated access for routes below
    resources "/users", UserController, except: [:new, :edit]
  end
  # ...
end

Registration

Now we can't get access to /users route without Bearer JWT Token in header. That's why we need to add RegistrationController and SessionController. It's a good time to make commit before further changes. Hey we need to add some more logic registration. Let's add register_user method in lib/my_app_name/accounts/accounts.ex

defmodule MyAppName.Accounts do
  @moduledoc """
  The boundary for the Accounts system.
  """

  import Ecto.Query, warn: false
  alias MyAppName.Repo
  alias MyAppName.Accounts.User
  
  # ...
  @doc """
  Creates a user using registration attributes.
  """
  def register_user(attrs \\ %{}) do
    %User{}
    |> User.registration_changeset(attrs)
    |> Repo.insert()
  end
  # ...
end

Let's create RegistrationController. We need to create new file lib/my_app_name/web/controllers/registration_controller.ex. Also we need specific registration_changeset that we declared before inside of lib/my_app_name/accounts/user.ex

defmodule MyAppName.Web.RegistrationController do
  use MyAppName.Web, :controller

  alias MyAppName.Accounts
  alias MyAppName.Accounts.User

  action_fallback MyAppName.Web.FallbackController

  def sign_up(conn, %{"user" => user_params}) do
    with {:ok, %User{} = user} <- Accounts.register_user(user_params) do
      conn
      |> put_status(:created)
      |> put_resp_header("location", user_path(conn, :show, user))
      |> render("success.json", user: user)
    end
  end
end

Also we need RegistrationView. So, we need to create one more file named lib/my_app_name/web/views/registration_view.ex.

defmodule MyAppName.Web.RegistrationView do
  use MyAppName.Web, :view

  def render("success.json", %{user: _user}) do
    %{
      status: :ok,
      message: """
        Now you can sign in using your email and password at /api/v1/sign_in. You will receive JWT token.
        Please put this token into Authorization header for all authorized requests.
      """
    }
  end
end

After that we need to add /api/v1/sign_up route. Just add it inside of API scope.

defmodule MyAppName.Router do
  # ...
  scope "/api/v1", MyAppName.Web do
    pipe_through :api

    post "/sign_up", RegistrationController, :sign_up
    # ...
  end
  # ...
end

It's time to check our registration controller. If you don't know how to write request tests. You can use Postman app. Let's POST /api/v1/sign_up with this JSON body.

{
  "user": {}
}

We should receive this response

{
  "errors": {
    "phone": [
      "can't be blank"
    ],
    "password": [
      "can't be blank"
    ],
    "name": [
      "can't be blank"
    ],
    "email": [
      "can't be blank"
    ]
  }
}

It's good point, but we need to create new user. That's why we need to POST correct payload.

{
  "user": {
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "name": "John Doe",
    "phone": "033-64-22",
    "password": "MySuperPa55"
  }
}

We must get this response.

{
  "status": "ok",
  "message": "  Now you can sign in using your email and password at /api/v1/sign_in. You will receive JWT token.\n  Please put this token into Authorization header for all authorized requests.\n"
}

Session management

Wow! We've created new user! Now we have user with password hash in our DB. We need to add password checker function in lib/my_app_name/accounts/user.ex.

defmodule MyAppName.Accounts.User do
  # ...
  def find_and_confirm_password(email, password) do
    case Repo.get_by(User, email: email) do
      nil ->
        {:error, :login_not_found}
      user ->
        if Comeonin.Bcrypt.checkpw(password, user.password_hash) do
          {:ok, user}
        else
          {:error, :login_failed}
        end
    end
  end
  # ...
end

Before we add SessionController, we need to handle :not_found and :unauthorized errors. So, let's create FallbackAPIController module in lib/my_app_name/web/controllers/fallback_api_controller.ex

defmodule MyAppName.Web.FallbackAPIController do
  use MyAppName.Web, :controller

  def call(conn, {:error, %Ecto.Changeset{} = changeset}) do
    conn
    |> put_status(:unprocessable_entity)
    |> render(MyAppName.Web.ChangesetView, "error.json", changeset: changeset)
  end

  def call(conn, {:error, :login_failed}), do: login_failed(conn)
  def call(conn, {:error, :login_not_found}), do: login_failed(conn)

  defp login_failed(conn) do
    conn
    |> put_status(401)
    |> render(MyAppName.Web.ErrorView, "error.json", status: :unauthorized,  message: "Authentication failed!")
  end
end

Also we need to add "error.json" to MyAppName.Web.ErrorView module in lib/my_app_name/web/views/error_view.ex. This part is required for correct JSON errors handling.

defmodule MyAppName.Web.ErrorView do
  use MyAppName.Web, :view

  # ...
  def render("error.json", %{status: status, message: message}) do
    %{status: status, message: message}
  end
  # ...
end

It's time to use our credentials for sign in action. We need to add SessionController with sign_in actions, so just create lib/my_app_name/web/controllers/session_controller.ex.

defmodule MyAppName.Web.SessionController do
  use MyAppName.Web, :controller

  alias MyAppName.Accounts.User

  action_fallback MyAppName.Web.FallbackAPIController

  def sign_in(conn, %{"session" => %{"email" => email, "password" => pass}}) do
    with {:ok, user} <- User.find_and_confirm_password(email, pass),
         {:ok, jwt, _full_claims} <- Guardian.encode_and_sign(user, :api),
    do: render(conn, "sign_in.json", user: user, jwt: jwt)
  end
end

Good! Next step is to add SessionView in lib/my_app_name/web/views/session_view.ex.

defmodule MyAppName.Web.SessionView do
  use MyAppName.Web, :view

  def render("sign_in.json", %{user: user, jwt: jwt}) do
    %{
      status: :ok,
      data: %{
        token: jwt,
        email: user.email
      },
      message: "You are successfully logged in! Add this token to authorization header to make authorized requests."
    }
  end
end

Add some routes to handle sign_in action in lib/my_app_name/web/router.ex.

defmodule MyAppName.Router do
  use MyAppName.Web, :router
  #...
  scope "/api/v1", MyAppName.Web do
    pipe_through :api

    post "/sign_up", RegistrationController, :sign_up
    post "/sign_in", SessionController, :sign_in # Add this line

    pipe_through :authenticated
    resources "/users", UserController, except: [:new, :edit]
  end
  # ...
end

Ok. Let's check this stuff. POST /api/v1/sign_in with this params.

{
  "session": {
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "password": "MySuperPa55"
  }
}