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Learn more about bidirectional Unicode charactersOriginal file line number Diff line number Diff line change @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ Nmap Cheat Sheet ================ _src: [https://www.stationx.net/nmap-cheat-sheet](https://www.stationx.net/nmap-cheat-sheet)_ Target Specification --------------------------------------------------- | Switch | Example | Description | |--------|---------|-------------| | |nmap 192.168.1.1| Scan a single IP | | | nmap 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 | Scan specific IPs | | | nmap 192.168.1.1-254 | Scan a range | | nmap scanme.nmap.org | Scan a domain | | | nmap 192.168.1.0/24 | Scan using CIDR notation | -iL | nmap -iL targets.txt | Scan targets from a file | | -iR | nmap -iR 100 | Scan 100 random hosts | --exclude | nmap --exclude 192.168.1.1 | Exclude listed hosts Scan Techniques --------------- | Switch | Example | Description | |----|-----|----| | -sS | nmap 192.168.1.1 -sS | TCP SYN port scan (Default) | -sT | nmap 192.168.1.1 -sT | TCP connect port scan<br />(Default without root privilege)| | -sU | nmap 192.168.1.1 -sU | UDP port scan | -sA | nmap 192.168.1.1 -sA | TCP ACK port scan | | -sW | nmap 192.168.1.1 -sW | TCP Window port scan | -sM | nmap 192.168.1.1 -sM | TCP Maimon port scan Host Discovery -------------- | Switch | Example | Description | |----|-----|----| | -sL | nmap 192.168.1.1-3 -sL | No Scan. List targets only | -sn | nmap 192.168.1.1/24 -sn | Disable port scanning. Host discovery only.<br /> | | -Pn | nmap 192.168.1.1-5 -Pn | Disable host discovery. Port scan only. <br />| -PS | nmap 192.168.1.1-5 -PS22-25,80 | TCP SYN discovery on port x. Port 80 by default| | -PA | nmap 192.168.1.1-5 -PA22-25,80 | TCP ACK discovery on port x. Port 80 by default| | -PU | nmap 192.168.1.1-5 -PU53 | UDP discovery on port x. Port 40125 by default| | -PR | nmap 192.168.1.1-1/24 -PR | ARP discovery on local network | -n | nmap 192.168.1.1 -n | Never do DNS resolution Port Specification ------------------ | Switch | Example | Description | |----|-----|----| | -p | nmap 192.168.1.1 -p 21 | Port scan for port x | -p | nmap 192.168.1.1 -p 21-100 | Port range | | -p | nmap 192.168.1.1 -p U:53,T:21-25,80 | Port scan multiple TCP and UDP ports | -p- | nmap 192.168.1.1 -p- | Port scan all ports | | -p | nmap 192.168.1.1 -p http,https | Port scan from service name | -F | nmap 192.168.1.1 -F | Fast port scan (100 ports) | | --top-ports | nmap 192.168.1.1 --top-ports 2000 | Port scan the top x ports | -p-65535 | nmap 192.168.1.1 -p-65535 | Leaving off initial port in range<br />makes the scan start at port 1| | -p0- | nmap 192.168.1.1 -p0- | Leaving off end port in range makes the scan go through to port 65535| Service and Version Detection ----------------------------- | Switch | Example | Description | |----|-----|----| | -sV | nmap 192.168.1.1 -sV | Attempts to determine the version of the service running on port | -sV --version-intensity | nmap 192.168.1.1 -sV --version-intensity 8 | Intensity level 0 to 9. Higher number increases possibility of correctness | | -sV --version-light | nmap 192.168.1.1 -sV --version-light | Enable light mode. Lower possibility of correctness. Faster | -sV --version-all | nmap 192.168.1.1 -sV --version-all | Enable intensity level 9. Higher possibility of correctness. Slower | | -A | nmap 192.168.1.1 -A | Enables OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute OS Detection ------------ | Switch | Example | Description | |----|-----|----| | -O | nmap 192.168.1.1 -O | Remote OS detection using TCP/IP<br />stack fingerprinting| | -O --osscan-limit | nmap 192.168.1.1 -O --osscan-limit | If at least one open and one closed<br />TCP port are not found it will not try<br />OS detection against host| | -O --osscan-guess | nmap 192.168.1.1 -O --osscan-guess | Makes Nmap guess more aggressively | -O --max-os-tries | nmap 192.168.1.1 -O --max-os-tries 1 | Set the maximum number x of OS<br />detection tries against a target| | -A | nmap 192.168.1.1 -A | Enables OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute Timing and Performance ---------------------- | Switch | Example | Description | |----|-----|----| | -T0 | nmap 192.168.1.1 -T0 | Paranoid (0) Intrusion Detection<br />System evasion| | -T1 | nmap 192.168.1.1 -T1 | Sneaky (1) Intrusion Detection System <br />evasion| | -T2 | nmap 192.168.1.1 -T2 | Polite (2) slows down the scan to use <br />less bandwidth and use less target <br />machine resources| | -T3 | nmap 192.168.1.1 -T3 | Normal (3) which is default speed | | -T4 | nmap 192.168.1.1 -T4 | Aggressive (4) speeds scans; assumes <br />you are on a reasonably fast and <br />reliable network| | -T5 | nmap 192.168.1.1 -T5 | Insane (5) speeds scan; assumes you <br />are on an extraordinarily fast network| | Switch | Example input | Description | |----|-----|----| | --host-timeout <time> | 1s; 4m; 2h | Give up on target after this long | --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time> | 1s; 4m; 2h | Specifies probe round trip time | | --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size<size> | 50; 1024 | Parallel host scan group <br />sizes| | --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes> | 10; 1 | Probe parallelization | | --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time> | 20ms; 2s; 4m; 5h | Adjust delay between probes | --max-retries <tries> | 3 | Specify the maximum number <br />of port scan probe retransmissions| | --min-rate <number> | 100 | Send packets no slower than <numberr> per second | --max-rate <number> | 100 | Send packets no faster than <number> per second NSE Scripts ----------- | Switch | Example | Description | |----|-----|----| | -sC | nmap 192.168.1.1 -sC | Scan with default NSE scripts. Considered useful for discovery and safe | | --script default | nmap 192.168.1.1 --script default | Scan with default NSE scripts. Considered useful for discovery and safe | | --script | nmap 192.168.1.1 --script=banner | Scan with a single script. Example banner | | --script | nmap 192.168.1.1 --script=http* | Scan with a wildcard. Example http | | --script | nmap 192.168.1.1 --script=http,banner | Scan with two scripts. Example http and banner | | --script | nmap 192.168.1.1 --script "not intrusive" | Scan default, but remove intrusive scripts | | --script-args | nmap --script snmp-sysdescr --script-args snmpcommunity=admin 192.168.1.1 | NSE script with arguments | Useful NSE Script Examples | Command | Description | |----|-----| | nmap -Pn --script=http-sitemap-generator scanme.nmap.org | http site map generator | nmap -n -Pn -p 80 --open -sV -vvv --script banner,http-title -iR 1000 | Fast search for random web servers | | nmap -Pn --script=dns-brute domain.com | Brute forces DNS hostnames guessing subdomains | nmap -n -Pn -vv -O -sV --script smb-enum*,smb-ls,smb-mbenum,smb-os-discovery,smb-s*,smb-vuln*,smbv2* -vv 192.168.1.1 | Safe SMB scripts to run | | nmap --script whois* domain.com | Whois query | nmap -p80 --script http-unsafe-output-escaping scanme.nmap.org | Detect cross site scripting vulnerabilities | | nmap -p80 --script http-sql-injection scanme.nmap.org | Check for SQL injections Firewall / IDS Evasion and Spoofing ----------------------------------- | Switch | Example | Description | |----|-----|----| | -f | nmap 192.168.1.1 -f | Requested scan (including ping scans) use tiny fragmented IP packets. Harder for packet filters | | --mtu | nmap 192.168.1.1 --mtu 32 | Set your own offset size | | -D | nmap -D 192.168.1.101,192.168.1.102, <br />192.168.1.103,192.168.1.23 192.168.1.1| | Send scans from spoofed IPs | -D | nmap -D decoy-ip1,decoy-ip2,your-own-ip,decoy-ip3,decoy-ip4 remote-host-ip | Above example explained | | -S | nmap -S www.microsoft.com www.facebook.com | Scan Facebook from Microsoft (-e eth0 -Pn may be required) | -g | nmap -g 53 192.168.1.1 | Use given source port number | | --proxies | nmap --proxies http://192.168.1.1:8080, http://192.168.1.2:8080 192.168.1.1 | Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies | --data-length | nmap --data-length 200 192.168.1.1 | Appends random data to sent packets Example IDS Evasion command nmap -f -t 0 -n -Pn –data-length 200 -D 192.168.1.101,192.168.1.102,192.168.1.103,192.168.1.23 192.168.1.1 Output ------ | Switch | Example | Description | |----|-----|----| | -oN | nmap 192.168.1.1 -oN normal.file | Normal output to the file normal.file | -oX | nmap 192.168.1.1 -oX xml.file | XML output to the file xml.file | | -oG | nmap 192.168.1.1 -oG grep.file | Grepable output to the file grep.file | -oA | nmap 192.168.1.1 -oA results | Output in the three major formats at once | | -oG - | nmap 192.168.1.1 -oG - | Grepable output to screen. -oN -, -oX - also usable | --append-output | nmap 192.168.1.1 -oN file.file --append-output | Append a scan to a previous scan file | | -v | nmap 192.168.1.1 -v | Increase the verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect) | -d | nmap 192.168.1.1 -d | Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect) | | --reason | nmap 192.168.1.1 --reason | Display the reason a port is in a particular state, same output as -vv | --open | nmap 192.168.1.1 --open | Only show open (or possibly open) ports | | --packet-trace | nmap 192.168.1.1 -T4 --packet-trace | Show all packets sent and received | --iflist | nmap --iflist | Shows the host interfaces and routes | | --resume | nmap --resume results.file | Resume a scan Helpful Nmap Output examples | Command | Description | |----|-----| | nmap -p80 -sV -oG - --open 192.168.1.1/24 | grep open | Scan for web servers and grep to show which IPs are running web servers | nmap -iR 10 -n -oX out.xml | grep "Nmap" | cut -d " " -f5 > live-hosts.txt | Generate a list of the IPs of live hosts | | nmap -iR 10 -n -oX out2.xml | grep "Nmap" | cut -d " " -f5 >> live-hosts.txt | Append IP to the list of live hosts | ndiff scanl.xml scan2.xml | Compare output from nmap using the ndif | | xsltproc nmap.xml -o nmap.html | Convert nmap xml files to html files | grep " open " results.nmap | sed -r 's/ +/ /g' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | less | Reverse sorted list of how often ports turn up Miscellaneous Options --------------------- | Switch | Example | Description | |----|-----|----| | -6 | nmap -6 2607:f0d0:1002:51::4 | Enable IPv6 scanning | | -h | nmap -h | nmap help screen | Other Useful Nmap Commands -------------------------- | Command | Description | |----|-----| | nmap -iR 10 -PS22-25,80,113,1050,35000 -v -sn | Discovery only on ports x, no port scan | nmap 192.168.1.1-1/24 -PR -sn -vv | Arp discovery only on local network, no port scan | | nmap -iR 10 -sn -traceroute | Traceroute to random targets, no port scan | nmap 192.168.1.1-50 -sL --dns-server 192.168.1.1 | Query the Internal DNS for hosts, list targets only
Richard Sugg
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