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import functools # Part of Python standard library
def decorator (wrapped_function ):
def _wrapper (* args , ** kwargs ):
# do something before the function call
result = wrapped_function (* args , ** kwargs )
# do something after the function call
return result
return _wrapper
# decorator with functools.wraps added
def decorator_with_wraps (wrapped_function ):
@functools .wraps (wrapped_function )
def _wrapper (* args , ** kwargs ):
# do something before the function call
result = wrapped_function (* args , ** kwargs )
# do something after the function call
return result
return _wrapper
import wrapt # Requires installing the 'wrapt' library
# decorator powered by wrapt
@wrapt .decorator
def decorator_with_wrapt (wrapped_function , instance , args , kwargs ):
# do something before the function call
result = wrapped_function (* args , ** kwargs )
# do something after the function call
return result
def test_decorators ():
@decorator
def func1 ():
return 'I'
@decorator_with_wraps
def func2 ():
return 'code'
@decorator_with_wrapt
def func3 ():
return 'python'
assert func1 () == 'I'
assert func2 () == 'code'
assert func3 () == 'python'
#decorators that accept arguments
def arguments_decorator (arg1 , arg2 ):
def _outer_wrapper (wrapped_function ):
def _wrapper (* args , ** kwargs ):
# do something before the function call
result = wrapped_function (* args , ** kwargs )
# do something after the function call
# Demonstrating what you can do with decorator arguments
result = result * arg1 * arg2
return result
return _wrapper
return _outer_wrapper
def arguments_decorator_with_wraps (arg1 , arg2 ):
def _outer_wrapper (wrapped_function ):
@functools .wraps (wrapped_function )
def _wrapper (* args , ** kwargs ):
# do something before the function call
result = wrapped_function (* args , ** kwargs )
# do something after the function call
# Demonstrating what you can do with decorator arguments
result = result * arg1 * arg2
return result
return _wrapper
return _outer_wrapper
def arguments_decorator_with_wrapt (arg1 , arg2 ):
@wrapt .decorator
def _wrapper (wrapped_function , instance , args , kwargs ):
# do something before the function call
result = wrapped_function (* args , ** kwargs )
# do something after the function call
# Demonstrating what you can do with decorator arguments
result = result * arg1 * arg2
return result
return _wrapper
def test_arguments_decorators ():
@arguments_decorator (2 , 3 )
def func4 ():
return 'We'
@arguments_decorator_with_wraps (2 , 2 )
def func5 ():
return 'code'
@arguments_decorator_with_wrapt (3 , 2 )
def func6 ():
return 'python'
assert func4 () == 'WeWeWeWeWeWe'
assert func5 () == 'codecodecodecode'
assert func6 () == 'pythonpythonpythonpythonpythonpython'
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