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@@ -346,3 +346,663 @@ The parameters for this escape sequence are defined as follows: |
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- [XTerm Control Sequences](https://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html) |
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- [VT100 – Various terminal manuals](https://vt100.net/) |
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- [xterm.js – Supported Terminal Sequences](https://xtermjs.org/docs/api/vtfeatures/) |
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Control Characters |
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Control characters have values of 0008 - 0378, and 1778. The control characters recognized by the VT100 are shown in Table 3-10. All other control codes cause no action to be taken. |
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Control characters (codes 08 to 378 inclusive) are specifically excluded from the control sequence syntax, but may be embedded within a control sequence. Embedded control characters are executed as soon as they are encountered by the VT100. The processing of the control sequence then continues with the next character received. The exceptions are: if the character ESC occurs, the current control sequence is aborted, and a new one commences beginning with the ESC just received. If the character CAN (308) or the character SUB (328) occurs, the current control sequence is aborted. The ability to embed control characters allows the synchronization characters XON and XOFF to be interpreted properly without affecting the control sequence. |
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Table 3-10 Control Characters Control Character Octal Code Action Taken |
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NUL 000 Ignored on input (not stored in input buffer; see full duplex protocol). |
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ENQ 005 Transmit answerback message. |
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BEL 007 Sound bell tone from keyboard. |
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BS 010 Move the cursor to the left one character position, unless it is at the left margin, in which case no action occurs. |
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HT 011 Move the cursor to the next tab stop, or to the right margin if no further tab stops are present on the line. |
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LF 012 This code causes a line feed or a new line operation. (See new line mode). |
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VT 013 Interpreted as LF. |
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FF 014 Interpreted as LF. |
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CR 015 Move cursor to the left margin on the current line. |
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SO 016 Invoke G1 character set, as designated by SCS control sequence. |
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SI 017 Select G0 character set, as selected by ESC ( sequence. |
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XON 021 Causes terminal to resume transmission. |
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XOFF 023 Causes terminal to stop transmitted all codes except XOFF and XON. |
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CAN 030 If sent during a control sequence, the sequence is immediately terminated and not executed. It also causes the error character to be displayed. |
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SUB 032 Interpreted as CAN. |
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ESC 033 Invokes a control sequence. |
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DEL 177 Ignored on input (not stored in input buffer). |
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Control Sequences |
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The VT100 is an upward and downward software compatible terminal; that is, previous DIGITAL video terminals have DIGITAL private standards for control sequences. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has since standardized escape and control sequences in terminals in documents X3.41-1974 and X3.64-1977. |
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NOTE: The ANSI standards allow the manufacturer flexibility in implementing each function. This manual describes how the VT100 will respond to the implemented ANSI control function. |
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The VT100 is compatible with both the previous DIGITAL standard and ANSI standards. Customers may use existing DIGITAL software designed around the VT52 or new VT100 software. The VT100 has a “VT52 compatible” mode in which the VT100 responds to control sequences like a VT52. In this mode, most of the new VT100 features cannot be used. |
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Throughout this section of the manual, references will be made to “VT52 mode” or “ANSI mode.” These two terms are used to indicate the VT100’s software compatibility. All new software should be designed around the VT100 “ANSI mode.” Future DIGITAL video terminals will not necessarily be committed to VT52 compatibility. |
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NOTE: ANSI standards may be obtained by writing: |
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Sales Department |
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American National Standards Institute |
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1430 Broadway |
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New York, New York 10018 |
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Valid ANSI Mode Control Sequences |
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Definitions |
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The following listing defines the basic elements of the ANSI mode control sequences. A more complete listing appears in Appendix A. |
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Control Sequence Introducer (CSI) |
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An escape sequence that provides supplementary controls and is itself a prefix affecting the interpretation of a limited number of contiguous characters. In the VT100 the CSI is ESC [. |
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Parameter |
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A string of zero or more decimal characters which represent a single value. Leading zeroes are ignored. The decimal characters have a range of 0 (608) to 9 (718). |
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The value so represented. |
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Numeric Parameter |
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A parameter that represents a number, designated by Pn. |
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Selective Parameter |
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A parameter that selects a subfunction from a specified list of subfunctions, designated by Ps. In general, a control sequence with more than one selective parameter causes the same effect as several control sequences, each with one selective parameter, e.g., CSI Psa; Psb; Psc F is identical to CSI Psa F CSI Psb F CSI Psc F. |
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Parameter String |
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A string of parameters separated by a semicolon (738). |
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Default |
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A function-dependent value that is assumed when no explicit value, or a value of 0, is specified. |
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Final character |
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A character whose bit combination terminates an escape or control sequence. |
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Examples: |
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Control sequence for double-width line (DECDWL) ESC # 6 |
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Sequence Octal Representation of Sequence |
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Control sequence to turn off all character attributes, and then turn on underscore and blink attributes (SGR). ESC [ 0 ; 4 ; 5 m |
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Sequence Octal Representation of Sequence |
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Alternative sequences which will accomplish the same thing: |
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Sequence Octal Representation of Sequence |
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a. ESC [ ; 4 ; 5 m 033 133 073 064 073 065 155 |
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b. ESC [ m 033 133 155 |
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ESC [ 4 m 033 133 064 155 |
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ESC [ 5 m 033 133 065 155 |
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c. ESC [ 0 ; 04; 005 m 033 133 060 073 060 064 073 060 060 065 155 |
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Control Sequences |
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All of the following escape and control sequences are transmitted from the host computer to the VT100 unless otherwise noted. All of the control sequences are a subset of those specified in ANSI X3.64-1977 and ANSI X3.41-1974. |
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CPR – Cursor Position Report – VT100 to Host |
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ESC [ Pn ; Pn R default value: 1 |
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The CPR sequence reports the active position by means of the parameters. This sequence has two parameter values, the first specifying the line and the second specifying the column. The default condition with no parameters present, or parameters of 0, is equivalent to a cursor at home position. |
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The numbering of lines depends on the state of the Origin Mode (DECOM). |
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This control sequence is solicited by a device status report (DSR) sent from the host. |
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CUB – Cursor Backward – Host to VT100 and VT100 to Host |
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ESC [ Pn D default value: 1 |
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The CUB sequence moves the active position to the left. The distance moved is determined by the parameter. If the parameter value is zero or one, the active position is moved one position to the left. If the parameter value is n, the active position is moved n positions to the left. If an attempt is made to move the cursor to the left of the left margin, the cursor stops at the left margin. Editor Function |
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CUD – Cursor Down – Host to VT100 and VT100 to Host |
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ESC [ Pn B default value: 1 |
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The CUD sequence moves the active position downward without altering the column position. The number of lines moved is determined by the parameter. If the parameter value is zero or one, the active position is moved one line downward. If the parameter value is n, the active position is moved n lines downward. In an attempt is made to move the cursor below the bottom margin, the cursor stops at the bottom margin. Editor Function |
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CUF – Cursor Forward – Host to VT100 and VT100 to Host |
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ESC [ Pn C default value: 1 |
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The CUF sequence moves the active position to the right. The distance moved is determined by the parameter. A parameter value of zero or one moves the active position one position to the right. A parameter value of n moves the active position n positions to the right. If an attempt is made to move the cursor to the right of the right margin, the cursor stops at the right margin. Editor Function |
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CUP – Cursor Position |
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ESC [ Pn ; Pn H default value: 1 |
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The CUP sequence moves the active position to the position specified by the parameters. This sequence has two parameter values, the first specifying the line position and the second specifying the column position. A parameter value of zero or one for the first or second parameter moves the active position to the first line or column in the display, respectively. The default condition with no parameters present is equivalent to a cursor to home action. In the VT100, this control behaves identically with its format effector counterpart, HVP. Editor Function |
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The numbering of lines depends on the state of the Origin Mode (DECOM). |
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CUU – Cursor Up – Host to VT100 and VT100 to Host |
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ESC [ Pn A default value: 1 |
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Moves the active position upward without altering the column position. The number of lines moved is determined by the parameter. A parameter value of zero or one moves the active position one line upward. A parameter value of n moves the active position n lines upward. If an attempt is made to move the cursor above the top margin, the cursor stops at the top margin. Editor Function |
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DA – Device Attributes |
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ESC [ Pn c default value: 0 |
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The host requests the VT100 to send a device attributes (DA) control sequence to identify itself by sending the DA control sequence with either no parameter or a parameter of 0. |
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Response to the request described above (VT100 to host) is generated by the VT100 as a DA control sequence with the numeric parameters as follows: |
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Option Present Sequence Sent |
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No options ESC [?1;0c |
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Processor option (STP) ESC [?1;1c |
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Advanced video option (AVO) ESC [?1;2c |
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AVO and STP ESC [?1;3c |
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Graphics option (GPO) ESC [?1;4c |
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GPO and STP ESC [?1;5c |
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GPO and AVO ESC [?1;6c |
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GPO, STP and AVO ESC [?1;7c |
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DECALN – Screen Alignment Display (DEC Private) |
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ESC # 8 |
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This command fills the entire screen area with uppercase Es for screen focus and alignment. This command is used by DEC manufacturing and Field Service personnel. |
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DECANM – ANSI/VT52 Mode (DEC Private) |
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This is a private parameter applicable to set mode (SM) and reset mode (RM) control sequences. The reset state causes only VT52 compatible escape sequences to be interpreted and executed. The set state causes only ANSI "compatible" escape and control sequences to be interpreted and executed. |
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DECARM – Auto Repeat Mode (DEC Private) |
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This is a private parameter applicable to set mode (SM) and reset mode (RM) control sequences. The reset state causes no keyboard keys to auto-repeat. The set state causes certain keyboard keys to auto-repeat. |
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DECAWM – Autowrap Mode (DEC Private) |
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This is a private parameter applicable to set mode (SM) and reset mode (RM) control sequences. The reset state causes any displayable characters received when the cursor is at the right margin to replace any previous characters there. The set state causes these characters to advance to the start of the next line, doing a scroll up if required and permitted. |
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DECCKM – Cursor Keys Mode (DEC Private) |
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This is a private parameter applicable to set mode (SM) and reset mode (RM) control sequences. This mode is only effective when the terminal is in keypad application mode (see DECKPAM) and the ANSI/VT52 mode (DECANM) is set (see DECANM). Under these conditions, if the cursor key mode is reset, the four cursor function keys will send ANSI cursor control commands. If cursor key mode is set, the four cursor function keys will send application functions. |
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DECCOLM – Column Mode (DEC Private) |
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This is a private parameter applicable to set mode (SM) and reset mode (RM) control sequences. The reset state causes a maximum of 80 columns on the screen. The set state causes a maximum of 132 columns on the screen. |
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DECDHL – Double Height Line (DEC Private) |
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Top Half: ESC # 3 |
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Bottom Half: ESC # 4 |
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These sequences cause the line containing the active position to become the top or bottom half of a double-height double-width line. The sequences must be used in pairs on adjacent lines and the same character output must be sent to both lines to form full double-height characters. If the line was single-width single-height, all characters to the right of the center of the screen are lost. The cursor remains over the same character position unless it would be to the right of the right margin, in which case it is moved to the right margin. |
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NOTE: The use of double-width characters reduces the number of characters per line by half. |
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DECDWL – Double-Width Line (DEC Private) |
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ESC # 6 |
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This causes the line that contains the active position to become double-width single-height. If the line was single-width single-height, all characters to the right of the screen are lost. The cursor remains over the same character position unless it would be to the right of the right margin, in which case, it is moved to the right margin. |
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NOTE: The use of double-width characters reduces the number of characters per line by half. |
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DECID – Identify Terminal (DEC Private) |
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ESC Z |
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This sequence causes the same response as the ANSI device attributes (DA). This sequence will not be supported in future DEC terminals, therefore, DA should be used by any new software. |
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DECINLM – Interlace Mode (DEC Private) |
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This is a private parameter applicable to set mode (SM) and reset mode (RM) control sequences. The reset state (non-interlace) causes the video processor to display 240 scan lines per frame. The set state (interlace) causes the video processor to display 480 scan lines per frame. There is no increase in character resolution. |
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DECKPAM – Keypad Application Mode (DEC Private) |
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ESC = |
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The auxiliary keypad keys will transmit control sequences as defined in Tables 3-7 and 3-8. |
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DECKPNM – Keypad Numeric Mode (DEC Private) |
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ESC > |
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The auxiliary keypad keys will send ASCII codes corresponding to the characters engraved on the keys. |
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DECLL – Load LEDS (DEC Private) |
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ESC [ Ps q default value: 0 |
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Load the four programmable LEDs on the keyboard according to the parameter(s). |
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Parameter Parameter Meaning |
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0 Clear LEDs L1 through L4 |
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1 Light L1 |
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2 Light L2 |
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3 Light L3 |
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4 Light L4 |
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LED numbers are indicated on the keyboard. |
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DECOM – Origin Mode (DEC Private) |
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This is a private parameter applicable to set mode (SM) and reset mode (RM) control sequences. The reset state causes the origin to be at the upper-left character position on the screen. Line and column numbers are, therefore, independent of current margin settings. The cursor may be positioned outside the margins with a cursor position (CUP) or horizontal and vertical position (HVP) control. |
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The set state causes the origin to be at the upper-left character position within the margins. Line and column numbers are therefore relative to the current margin settings. The cursor is not allowed to be positioned outside the margins. |
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The cursor is moved to the new home position when this mode is set or reset. |
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Lines and columns are numbered consecutively, with the origin being line 1, column 1. |
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DECRC – Restore Cursor (DEC Private) |
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ESC 8 |
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This sequence causes the previously saved cursor position, graphic rendition, and character set to be restored. |
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DECREPTPARM – Report Terminal Parameters |
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ESC [ <sol>; <par>; <nbits>; <xspeed>; <rspeed>; <clkmul>; <flags> x |
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These sequence parameters are explained below in the DECREQTPARM sequence. |
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DECREQTPARM – Request Terminal Parameters |
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ESC [ <sol> x |
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The sequence DECREPTPARM is sent by the terminal controller to notify the host of the status of selected terminal parameters. The status sequence may be sent when requested by the host or at the terminal’s discretion. DECREPTPARM is sent upon receipt of a DECREQTPARM. On power-up or reset, the VT100 is inhibited from sending unsolicited reports. |
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The meanings of the sequence parameters are: |
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Parameter Value Meaning |
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<sol> 0 or none This message is a request (DECREQTPARM) and the terminal will be allowed to send unsolicited reports. (Unsolicited reports are sent when the terminal exits the SET-UP mode). |
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1 This message is a request; from now on the terminal may only report in response to a request. |
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2 This message is a report (DECREPTPARM). |
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3 This message is a report and the terminal is only reporting on request. |
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<par> 1 No parity set |
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4 Parity is set and odd |
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5 Parity is set and even |
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<nbits> 1 8 bits per character |
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2 7 bits per character |
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<xspeed>, <rspeed> ⎧ 0 50 ⎫ |
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⎪ 8 75 ⎪ |
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⎪ 16 110 ⎪ |
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⎪ 24 134.5 ⎪ |
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⎪ 32 150 ⎪ |
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⎪ 40 200 ⎪ |
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⎪ 48 300 ⎪ |
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⎨ 56 600 ⎬ Bits per second |
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⎪ 64 1200 ⎪ |
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⎪ 72 1800 ⎪ |
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⎪ 80 2000 ⎪ |
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⎪ 88 2400 ⎪ |
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⎪ 96 3600 ⎪ |
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⎪ 104 4800 ⎪ |
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⎪ 112 9600 ⎪ |
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⎩ 120 19200 ⎭ |
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<clkmul> 1 The bit rate multiplier is 16. |
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<flags> 0-15 This value communicates the four switch values in block 5 of SET UP B, which are only visible to the user when an STP option is installed. These bits may be assigned for an STP device. The four bits are a decimal-encoded binary number. |
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DECSC – Save Cursor (DEC Private) |
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ESC 7 |
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This sequence causes the cursor position, graphic rendition, and character set to be saved. (See DECRC). |
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DECSCLM – Scrolling Mode (DEC Private) |
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This is a private parameter applicable to set mode (SM) and reset mode (RM) control sequences. The reset state causes scrolls to "jump" instantaneously. The set state causes scrolls to be "smooth" at a maximum rate of six lines per second. |
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DECSCNM – Screen Mode (DEC Private) |
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This is a private parameter applicable to set mode (SM) and reset mode (RM) control sequences. The reset state causes the screen to be black with white characters. The set state causes the screen to be white with black characters. |
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DECSTBM – Set Top and Bottom Margins (DEC Private) |
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ESC [ Pn; Pn r default values: see below |
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This sequence sets the top and bottom margins to define the scrolling region. The first parameter is the line number of the first line in the scrolling region; the second parameter is the line number of the bottom line in the scrolling region. Default is the entire screen (no margins). The minimum size of the scrolling region allowed is two lines, i.e., the top margin must be less than the bottom margin. The cursor is placed in the home position (see Origin Mode DECOM). |
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DECSWL – Single-width Line (DEC Private) |
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ESC # 5 |
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This causes the line which contains the active position to become single-width single-height. The cursor remains on the same character position. This is the default condition for all new lines on the screen. |
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DECTST – Invoke Confidence Test |
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ESC [ 2 ; Ps y |
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Ps is the parameter indicating the test to be done. Ps is computed by taking the weight indicated for each desired test and adding them together. If Ps is 0, no test is performed but the VT100 is reset. |
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Test Weight |
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Power up self-test (ROM check sum, RAM, NVR keyboard and AVO if installed) 1 |
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Data Loop Back 2 (loop back connector required) |
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EIA modem control test 4 (loop back connector required) |
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Repeat Selected Test(s) |
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indefinitely (until failure or power off) 8 |
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DSR – Device Status Report |
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ESC [ Ps n default value: 0 |
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Requests and reports the general status of the VT100 according to the following parameter(s). |
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Parameter Parameter Meaning |
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0 Response from VT100 – Ready, No malfunctions detected (default) |
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3 Response from VT100 – Malfunction – retry |
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5 Command from host – Please report status (using a DSR control sequence) |
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6 Command from host – Please report active position (using a CPR control sequence) |
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DSR with a parameter value of 0 or 3 is always sent as a response to a requesting DSR with a parameter value of 5. |
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ED – Erase In Display |
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ESC [ Ps J default value: 0 |
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This sequence erases some or all of the characters in the display according to the parameter. Any complete line erased by this sequence will return that line to single width mode. Editor Function |
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Parameter Parameter Meaning |
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0 Erase from the active position to the end of the screen, inclusive (default) |
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1 Erase from start of the screen to the active position, inclusive |
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2 Erase all of the display – all lines are erased, changed to single-width, and the cursor does not move. |
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EL – Erase In Line |
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ESC [ Ps K default value: 0 |
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Erases some or all characters in the active line according to the parameter. Editor Function |
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Parameter Parameter Meaning |
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0 Erase from the active position to the end of the line, inclusive (default) |
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1 Erase from the start of the screen to the active position, inclusive |
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2 Erase all of the line, inclusive |
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HTS – Horizontal Tabulation Set |
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ESC H |
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Set one horizontal stop at the active position. Format Effector |
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HVP – Horizontal and Vertical Position |
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ESC [ Pn ; Pn f default value: 1 |
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Moves the active position to the position specified by the parameters. This sequence has two parameter values, the first specifying the line position and the second specifying the column. A parameter value of either zero or one causes the active position to move to the first line or column in the display, respectively. The default condition with no parameters present moves the active position to the home position. In the VT100, this control behaves identically with its editor function counterpart, CUP. The numbering of lines and columns depends on the reset or set state of the origin mode (DECOM). Format Effector |
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IND – Index |
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ESC D |
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This sequence causes the active position to move downward one line without changing the column position. If the active position is at the bottom margin, a scroll up is performed. Format Effector |
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LNM – Line Feed/New Line Mode |
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This is a parameter applicable to set mode (SM) and reset mode (RM) control sequences. The reset state causes the interpretation of the line feed (LF), defined in ANSI Standard X3.4-1977, to imply only vertical movement of the active position and causes the RETURN key (CR) to send the single code CR. The set state causes the LF to imply movement to the first position of the following line and causes the RETURN key to send the two codes (CR, LF). This is the New Line (NL) option. |
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This mode does not affect the index (IND), or next line (NEL) format effectors. |
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NEL – Next Line |
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ESC E |
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This sequence causes the active position to move to the first position on the next line downward. If the active position is at the bottom margin, a scroll up is performed. Format Effector |
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RI – Reverse Index |
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ESC M |
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Move the active position to the same horizontal position on the preceding line. If the active position is at the top margin, a scroll down is performed. Format Effector |
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RIS Reset To Initial State |
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ESC c |
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Reset the VT100 to its initial state, i.e., the state it has after it is powered on. This also causes the execution of the power-up self-test and signal INIT H to be asserted briefly. |
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RM – Reset Mode |
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ESC [ Ps ; Ps ; . . . ; Ps l default value: none |
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Resets one o1 sets are invoked by the codes SI and SO (shift in and shift out) respectively. |
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G0 Sets Sequence G1 Sets Sequence Meaning |
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ESC ( A ESC ) A United Kingdom Set |
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ESC ( B ESC ) B ASCII Set |
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ESC ( 0 ESC ) 0 Special Graphics |
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ESC ( 1 ESC ) 1 Alternate Character ROM Standard Character Set |
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ESC ( 2 ESC ) 2 Alternate Character ROM Special Graphics |
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The United Kingdom and ASCII sets conform to the "ISO international register of character sets to be used with escape sequences". The other sets are private character sets. Special graphics means that the graphic characters for the codes 1378 to 1768 are replaced with other characters. The specified character set will be used until another SCS is received. |
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NOTE: Additional information concerning the SCS escape sequence may be obtained in ANSI standard X3.41-1974. |
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SGR – Select Graphic Rendition |
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ESC [ Ps ; . . . ; Ps m default value: 0 |
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Invoke the graphic rendition specified by the parameter(s). All following characters transmitted to the VT100 are rendered according to the parameter(s) until the next occurrence of SGR. Format Effector |
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Parameter Parameter Meaning |
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0 Attributes off |
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1 Bold or increased intensity |
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4 Underscore |
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5 Blink |
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7 Negative (reverse) image |
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All other parameter values are ignored. |
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With the Advanced Video Option, only one type of character attribute is possible as determined by the cursor selection; in that case specifying either the underscore or the reverse attribute will activate the currently selected attribute. (See cursor selection in Chapter 1). |
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SM – Set Mode |
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ESC [ Ps ; . . . ; Ps h default value: none |
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Causes one or more modes to be set within the VT100 as specified by each selective parameter in the parameter string. Each mode to be set is specified by a separate parameter. A mode is considered set until it is reset by a reset mode (RM) control sequence. |
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TBC – Tabulation Clear |
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ESC [ Ps g default value: 0 |
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Parameter Parameter Meaning |
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0 Clear the horizontal tab stop at the active position (the default case). |
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3 Clear all horizontal tab stops. |
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Any other parameter values are ignored. Format Effector |
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Modes |
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The following is a list of VT100 modes which may be changed with set mode (SM) and reset mode (RM) controls. |
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ANSI Specified Modes |
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Parameter Mode Mnemonic Mode Function |
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0 Error (ignored) |
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20 LNM Line feed new line mode |
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DEC Private Modes |
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If the first character in the parameter string is ? (778), the parameters are interpreted as DEC private parameters according to the following: |
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Parameter Mode Mnemonic Mode Function |
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0 Error (ignored) |
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1 DECCKM Cursor key |
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2 DECANM ANSI/VT52 |
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3 DECCOLM Column |
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4 DECSCLM Scrolling |
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5 DECSCNM Screen |
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6 DECOM Origin |
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7 DECAWM Auto wrap |
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8 DECARM Auto repeating |
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9 DECINLM Interlace |
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Any other parameter values are ignored. |
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The following modes, which are specified in the ANSI X3.64-1977 standard, may be considered to be permanently set, permanently reset, or not applicable, as noted. Refer to that standard for further information concerning these modes. |
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Mode Mnemonic Mode Function State |
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CRM Control representation Reset |
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EBM Editing boundary Reset |
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ERM Erasure Set |
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FEAM Format effector action Reset |
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FETM Format effector transfer Reset |
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GATM Guarded area transfer NA |
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HEM Horizontal editing NA |
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IRM Insertion-replacement Reset |
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KAM Keyboard action Reset |
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MATM Multiple area transfer NA |
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PUM Positioning unit Reset |
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SATM Selected area transfer NA |
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SRTM Status reporting transfer Reset |
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TSM Tabulation stop Reset |
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TTM Transfer termination NA |
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VEM Vertical editing NA |
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Valid VT52 Mode Control Sequences |
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Cursor Up |
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ESC A |
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Move the active position upward one position without altering the horizontal position. If an attempt is made to move the cursor above the top margin, the cursor stops at the top margin. |
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Cursor Down |
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ESC B |
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Move the active position downward one position without altering the horizontal position. If an attempt is made to move the cursor below the bottom margin, the cursor stops at the bottom margin. |
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Cursor Right |
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ESC C |
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Move the active position to the right. If an attempt is made to move the cursor to the right of the right margin, the cursor stops at the right margin. |
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Cursor Left |
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ESC D |
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Move the active position one position to the left. If an attempt is made to move the cursor to the left of the left margin, the cursor stops at the left margin. |
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Enter Graphics Mode |
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ESC F |
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Causes the special graphics character set to be used. |
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NOTE: The special graphics characters in the VT100 are different from those in the VT52. |
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Exit Graphics Mode |
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ESC G |
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This sequence causes the standard ASCII character set to be used. |
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Cursor to Home |
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ESC H |
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Move the cursor to the home position. |
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Reverse Line Feed |
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ESC I |
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Move the active position upward one position without altering the column position. If the active position is at the top margin, a scroll down is performed. |
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Erase to End of Screen |
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ESC J |
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Erase all characters from the active position to the end of the screen. The active position is not changed. |
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Erase to End of Line |
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ESC K |
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Erase all characters from the active position to the end of the current line. The active position is not changed. |
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Direct Cursor Address |
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ESC Y line column |
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Move the cursor to the specified line and column. The line and column numbers are sent as ASCII codes whose values are the number plus 0378; e.g., 0408 refers to the first line or column, 0508 refers to the eighth line or column, etc. |
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Identify |
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ESC Z |
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This sequence causes the terminal to send its identifier escape sequence to the host. This sequence is: |
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ESC / Z |
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Enter Alternate Keypad Mode |
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ESC = |
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The optional auxiliary keypad keys will send unique identifiable escape sequences for use by applications programs. |
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NOTE: Information regarding options must be obtained in ANSI mode, using the device attributes (DA) control sequences. |
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Exit Alternate Keypad Mode |
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ESC > |
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The optional auxiliary keypad keys send the ASCII codes for the functions or characters engraved on the key. |
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Enter ANSI Mode |
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ESC < |
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All subsequent escape sequences will be interpreted according to ANSI Standards X3.64-1977 and X3.41-1974. The VT52 escape sequence designed in this section will not be recognized. |
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Control Sequence Summary |
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The following is a summary of the VT100 control sequences. |
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ANSI Compatible Mode |
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Cursor Movement Commands |
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Cursor up ESC [ Pn A |
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Cursor down ESC [ Pn B |
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Cursor forward (right) ESC [ Pn C |
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Cursor backward (left) ESC [ Pn D |
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Direct cursor addressing ESC [ Pl ; Pc H† or |
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ESC [ Pl ; Pc f† |
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Index ESC D |
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New line ESC E |
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Reverse index ESC M |
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Save cursor and attributes ESC 7 |
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Restore cursor and attributes ESC 8 |
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† Pl = line number; Pc = column number |
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NOTE: Pn refers to a decimal parameter expressed as a string of ASCII digits. Multiple parameters are separated by the semicolon character (0738). If a parameter is omitted or specified to be 0 the default parameter value is used. For the cursor movement commands, the default parameter value is 1. |
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Line Size (Double-Height and Double-Width) Commands |
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Change this line to double-height top half ESC # 3 |
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Change this line to double-height bottom half ESC # 4 |
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Change this line to single-width single-height ESC # 5 |
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Change this line to double-width single-height ESC # 6 |
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Character Attributes |
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ESC [ Ps;Ps;Ps;...;Ps m |
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Ps refers to a selective parameter. Multiple parameters are separated by the semicolon character (0738). The parameters are executed in order and have the following meanings: |
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0 or None All Attributes Off |
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1 Bold on |
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4 Underscore on |
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5 Blink on |
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7 Reverse video on |
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Any other parameter values are ignored. |
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Erasing |
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From cursor to end of line ESC [ K or ESC [ 0 K |
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From beginning of line to cursor ESC [ 1 K |
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Entire line containing cursor ESC [ 2 K |
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From cursor to end of screen ESC [ J or ESC [ 0 J |
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From beginning of screen to cursor ESC [ 1 J |
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Entire screen ESC [ 2 J |
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Programmable LEDs |
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ESC [ Ps;Ps;...Ps q |
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Ps are selective parameters separated by semicolons (0738) and executed in order, as follows: |
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0 or None All LEDs Off |
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1 L1 On |
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2 L2 On |
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3 L3 On |
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4 L4 On |
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Any other parameter values are ignored. |
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Character Sets (G0 and G1 Designators) |
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The G0 and G1 character sets are designated as follows: |
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Character set G0 designator G1 designator |
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United Kingdom (UK) ESC ( A ESC ) A |
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United States (USASCII) ESC ( B ESC ) B |
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Special graphics characters and line drawing set ESC ( 0 ESC ) 0 |
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Alternate character ROM ESC ( 1 ESC ) 1 |
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Alternate character ROM special graphics characters ESC ( 2 ESC ) 2 |
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Scrolling Region |
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ESC [ Pt ; Pb r |
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Pt is the number of the top line of the scrolling region; Pb is the number of the bottom line of the scrolling region and must be greater than Pt. |
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Tab Stops |
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Set tab at current column ESC H |
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Clear tab at current column ESC [ g or ESC [ 0 g |
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Clear all tabs ESC [ 3 g |
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Modes |
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Mode Name To Set To Reset |
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Mode Sequence Mode Sequence |
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Line feed/new line New line ESC [20h Line feed ESC [20l* |
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Cursor key mode Application ESC [?1h Cursor ESC [?1l* |
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ANSI/VT52 mode ANSI N/A VT52 ESC [?2l* |
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Column mode 132 Col ESC [?3h 80 Col ESC [?3l* |
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Scrolling mode Smooth ESC [?4h Jump ESC [?4l* |
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Screen mode Reverse ESC [?5h Normal ESC [?5l* |
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Origin mode Relative ESC [?6h Absolute ESC [?6l* |
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Wraparound On ESC [?7h Off ESC [?7l* |
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Auto repeat On ESC [?8h Off ESC [?8l* |
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Interlace On ESC [?9h Off ESC [?9l* |
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Keypad mode Application ESC = Numeric ESC > |
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* The last character of the sequence is a lowercase L (1548). |
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Reports |
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Cursor Position Report |
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Invoked by ESC [ 6 n |
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Response is ESC [ Pl ; Pc R † |
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† Pl = line number; Pc = column number |
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Status Report |
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Invoked by ESC [ 5 n |
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Response is ESC [ 0 n (terminal ok) |
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ESC [ 3 n (terminal not ok) |
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What Are You |
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Invoked by ESC [ c or ESC [ 0 c |
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Response is ESC [ ? 1 ; Ps c |
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Ps is the "option present" parameter with the following meaning: |
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Ps Meaning |
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0 Base VT100, no options |
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1 Processor options (STP) |
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2 Advanced video option (AVO) |
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3 AVO and STP |
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4 Graphics processor option (GPO) |
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5 GPO and STP |
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6 GPO and AVO |
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7 GPO, STP, and AVO |
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Alternatively invoked by ESC Z (not recommended). Response is the same. |
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Reset |
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Reset causes the power-up reset routine to be executed. |
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ESC c |
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Confidence Tests |
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Fill Screen with "Es" ESC # 8 |
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Invoke Test(s) ESC [ 2 ; Ps y |
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Ps is the parameter indicating the test to be done and is a decimal number computed by taking the "weight" indicated for each desired test and adding them together. |
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Test Weight |
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Power-up self test (ROM checksum, RAM, NVR, keyboard and AVO if installed) 1 |
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Data Loop Back 2 (loop back connector required) |
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EIA modem control test 4 (loop back connector required) |
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Repeat selected test(s) indefinitely (until failure or power off) 8 |
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VT52 Compatible Mode |
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The following is a summary of the VT100 control sequences. |
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Cursor Up ESC A |
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Cursor Down ESC B |
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Cursor Right ESC C |
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Cursor Left ESC D |
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Select Special Graphics character set ESC F |
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Select ASCII character set ESC G |
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Cursor to home ESC H |
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Reverse line feed ESC I |
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Erase to end of screen ESC J |
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Erase to end of line ESC K |
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Direct cursor address ESC Y l c (see note 1) |
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Identify ESC Z (see note 2) |
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Enter alternate keypad mode ESC = |
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Exit alternate keypad mode ESC > |
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Enter ANSI mode ESC < |
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NOTE 1: Line and column numbers for direct cursor address are single character codes whose values are the desired number plus 378. Line and column numbers start at 1. |
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NOTE 2: Response to ESC Z is ESC / Z.r more |
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ConnerWill revised this gist