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This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Learn more about bidirectional Unicode charactersOriginal file line number Diff line number Diff line change @@ -1,6 +1,4 @@ ### Step 1 Connect to internet from install disk or usb Start `iwd.service` and connect your wifi @@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ Start `iwd.service` and connect your wifi Verify the host specified by ping is reachable otherwise don't proceed until you fix it. Since you won't be able to do anything without internet connection. ### Step 2 Create Filesystems and Mount Partitions Assuming you have **created** the partitions using e.g `cfdisk <SSD>` @@ -59,10 +57,10 @@ Assuming you have **created** the partitions using e.g `cfdisk <SSD>` ```shell # fallocate -l 32GB /swapfile mkswap # /swapfile swapon /swapfile ``` ### Step 3 Install Base System and Grub Bootloader **install base system** @@ -78,12 +76,13 @@ Assuming you have **created** the partitions using e.g `cfdisk <SSD>` # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --bootloader-id=grub --efi-directory=/boot/efi ``` Generate grub config ```shell # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg ``` ### Step 4 Generate fstab ```shell # genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab @@ -96,13 +95,13 @@ Remount the system to fix it. **Edit the fstab file** ```shell # nano /mnt/etc/fstab ``` **Enter the Swapfile to the FSTAB** ```shell # nano /etc/fstab /swapfile none swap defaults 0 0 ``` @@ -112,12 +111,12 @@ Though not necessary,it make the system boot faster. **nano commands** - _Ctrl + o_ : Write Edits - _Enter_ : Save Edits - _Ctrl + x_ : Exit nano - _Ctrl + l_ : Clear Screen ### Step 5 Clock and Timezone Settings **Set timezone** You need to `chroot` to set the timezone @@ -128,57 +127,56 @@ You need to `chroot` to set the timezone Then ```shell # ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Nairobi /etc/locatime ``` **Set hardware clock** ```shell # hwclock --systohc --utc ``` **synchronize clock with timezone** This is simply activating the `NTP service` ```shell # timedatectl set-ntp true ``` ### Step 6 Set Locale and Language Settings **generate locale settings** Using American English Uncomment this part `#en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8` in this file `/etc/locale.gen` i.e ```shell # nano /etc/locale.gen ``` Then run `# locale-gen` **set language & export it to a locale config file** ```shell # echo LANG = en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf # export LANG = en_US.UTF-8 ``` **set hostname** change `your_hostname` below to what you would like to call your laptop ```shell # echo your_hostname > /etc/hostname ``` Run this to verify everything is OK ```shell # mkinitcpio -p linux-lts ``` ### Step 7 Set Default Shell and Terminal Emulator **Shell** Am using `zsh` @@ -189,23 +187,23 @@ Am using `zsh` Set it as default ```shell # chsh -S /bin/zsh ``` **Terminal Emulator** Install terminology terminal emulator ```shell # pacman -S terminology ``` ### Step 8 : Create a Sudo User and change the default password of Root **Root** ```shell # passwd ``` When prompted type and confirm the new password for root @@ -220,25 +218,25 @@ When prompted type and confirm the password for sudo user above Uncomment the `wheel` group ```shell # EDITOR=nano visudo ``` **Exit chroot** ```shell # exit ``` **Umount all partitions** ```shell # umount -R /mnt ``` **Reboot the system** ```shell # reboot ``` @@ -247,27 +245,29 @@ While they system is rebooting you may now remove the USB installer disk. From now onwards you will be working with your fresh arch install using your `sudo user` instead of `root user`. ### Step 9 Reconnect to Wifi Since we removed the USB installer disk we have lost the `iwd.service` that comes with it to connect to wi-fi.But since we installed these wireless packages;**wpa_supplicant** and **networkmanager** in [Step 3](#step-3-install-base-system) We only need to enable,start them.Then connect to our wifi network and continue with the installation process. Note that the shell prompt has changed from `#` to `%`. **Enable & Start wpa_supplicant and networkmanager services** ```shell % sudo systemctl is-enable wpa_supplicant.service % sudo systemctl enable wpa_supplicant.service % sudo systemctl start wpa_supplicant.service % sudo systemctl status wpa_supplicant.service ``` ```shell % sudo systemctl is-enable networkmanager.service % sudo systemctl enable networkmanager.service % sudo systemctl start networkmanager.service % sudo systemctl status networkmanager.service ``` If the status of the 2 services above is "running".Then we can connect our wifi again @@ -276,43 +276,43 @@ If the status of the 2 services above is "running".Then we can connect our wifi **List nearby wireless networks** ```shell % nmcli device wifi list ``` If your network is listed among the above;then **connect to a wireless network** ```shell % nmcli device wifi <SSID> password <SSID_PASSWORD> ``` where SSID -> your wifi name and SSID_PASSWORD -> your wifi password Sometimes your wifi could be hidden hence it won't show up in the list. If that is the case then ```shell % nmcli device wifi connect <SSID> password <SSID_PASSWORD> hidden yes ``` Am assuming if you are able to get through [Step 1](#step-1-connect-to-internet-from-install-disk-or-usb) then the above is easier. ### Step 10 : Configure your installation Now that you have reconnected to the internet(ping to verify),you can continue configuring you installation. **Edit file hosts** ```shell % sudo nano /etc/hosts ``` Change the above file to ```shell 127.0.0.1 localhost :: localhost 127.0.0.1 <your_hostname>.localdomain <your_hostname> @@ -323,85 +323,92 @@ Replace anything within the angle brackets inclusive. **Add multilib Repo** ```shell % sudo nano /etc/pacman.conf ``` Uncomment the `multilib` repo. **sync repos** ```shell # sudo pacman -Syy ``` You should also see the multilib repo syncing just like it peers `Core`,`Extra` etc **Optimize the mirrors** - Am skipping this one till we have login out desktop environment;xfce **Install GUI Server** ```shell % sudo pacman -S xorg-server xorg-xinit xorg-xrandr ``` **Install some important packages** ```shell % sudo pacman -S gvfs dkms xdg-user-dirs fuse2 haveged git ntfs-3g ``` **Install the Display Manager & Desktop Environment** ```shell % sudo pacman lightdm lighdm-gtk-greeter xfce4 xfc4-goodies ``` **Configure Display Manager(lightdm)** ```shell % sudo nano /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf ``` Change these settings ```shell greeter-session=lightdm-gtk-greeter user-session=xfce4-session ``` **Enable the LightDM Service** ```shell % sudo systemctl is-enabled lightdm.service % sudo systemctl enable lightdm.service ``` **Verify that Graphical Target is the Default** If not then set it to be the default one ```shell % sudo systemctl get-default ``` You can skip the below step if the above command return graphical target ```shell % sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target ``` **Verify the enabled service** ```shell % sudo systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled ``` **Reboot your system and login using your sudo user credentials** ```shell % reboot ``` **Set Terminology Emulator as Default in xfce** - Applications-->Settings--->Default Applications --->Utilities--->Terminal Emulator - Select 'Terminology' so that whenever you press `ctrl + alt + t`,its the one that pops up. **NOTE** - I have skipped the installation for audio drivers and others,this could be done once desktop environment is up and running. -
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This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Learn more about bidirectional Unicode charactersOriginal file line number Diff line number Diff line change @@ -0,0 +1,407 @@ ## Simple way to Install Arch Linux on UEFI system ### Step 1 : Connect to internet from install disk/usb Start `iwd.service` and connect your wifi ```shell # systemctl start iwd.service # systemctl status iwd.service # iwctl --passphrase <you_wifi_password> station <name_of_station> connect <wifi_name> # timeout 2 ping google.com ``` Verify the host specified by ping is reachable otherwise don't proceed until you fix it. Since you won't be able to do anything without internet connection. ### Step 2 : Create Filesystems and Mount Partitions Assuming you have **created** the partitions using e.g `cfdisk <SSD>` ```shell # cfdisk /dev/sda ``` **Boot** ```shell # mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi # mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1 # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi ``` **Var** ```shell # mkdir -p /mnt/var # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2 # e2label /dev/sda2 var # mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/var ``` **Root** ```shell # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3 # mount /dev/sda3 /mnt ``` **Home** ```shell # mkdir -p /mnt/home # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4 # e2label /dev/sda4 home # mount /dev/sda4 /mnt/home ``` **Swapfile** ```shell # fallocate -l 32GB /swapfile mkswap /swapfile swapon /swapfile ``` ### Step 3 : Install Base System and Grub Bootloader **install base system** ```shell # pacstrap /mnt base linux-lts linux-firmware nano dialog iw wpa_supplicant networkmanager ``` **install grub bootloader** ```shell # pacman -S grub efibootmgr os-prober # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --bootloader-id=grub --efi-directory=/boot/efi ``` ```shell # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg ``` ### Step 4 : Generate fstab ```shell # genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab ``` Sometimes you might get file errors that the system is readonly if you try to generate the fstab file. Remount the system to fix it. `# mount -o remount, rw /` **Edit the fstab file** ``` # nano /mnt/etc/fstab ``` **Enter the Swapfile to the FSTAB** ``` # nano /etc/fstab /swapfile none swap defaults 0 0 ``` For the mounted partitions change the `UUID` to the `name of partition` i.e inplace of `UUID=xxxxxx` change this to `/dev/sda2`. Though not necessary,it make the system boot faster. **nano commands** - _Ctrl + o_ : Write Edits - _Enter_ : Save Edits - _Ctrl + x_ : Exit nano - _Ctrl + l_ : Clear Screen ### Step 5 : Clock and Timezone Settings **Set timezone** You need to `chroot` to set the timezone ```shell # arch-chroot /mnt ``` Then ``` # ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Nairobi /etc/locatime ``` **Set hardware clock** ``` # hwclock --systohc --utc ``` **synchronize clock with timezone** This is simply activating the `NTP service` ``` # timedatectl set-ntp true ``` ### Step 6 : Set Locale & Language Settings **generate locale settings** Using American English Uncomment this part `#en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8` in this file `/etc/locale.gen` i.e ``` # nano /etc/locale.gen ``` Then run `# locale-gen` **set language & export it to a locale config file** ``` # echo LANG = en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf # export LANG = en_US.UTF-8 ``` **set hostname** change `your_hostname` below to what you would like to call your laptop ``` # echo your_hostname > /etc/hostname ``` Run this to verify everything is OK ``` # mkinitcpio -p linux-lts ``` ### Step 7 : Set Default Shell & Terminal Emulator **Shell** Am using `zsh` ```shell # pacman -S zsh zsh-completions zsh-syntax-highlighting zsh-theme-powerlevel10k ``` Set it as default ``` # chsh -S /bin/zsh ``` **Terminal Emulator** Install terminology terminal emulator ``` # pacman -S terminology ``` ### Step 8 : Create a Sudo User and change the default password of Root **Root** ``` #passwd ``` When prompted type and confirm the new password for root **Sudo User** ```shell # useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/zsh jay # passwd jay ``` When prompted type and confirm the password for sudo user above Uncomment the `wheel` group ``` # EDITOR=nano visudo ``` **Exit chroot** ``` # exit ``` **Umount all partitions** ``` # umount -R /mnt ``` **Reboot the system** ``` # reboot ``` _NOTE_ While they system is rebooting you may now remove the USB installer disk. From now onwards you will be working with your fresh arch install using your `sudo user` instead of `root user`. ### Step 9: Reconnect to Wifi Since we removed the USB installer disk we have lost the `iwd.service` that comes with it to connect to wi-fi.But since we installed these wireless packages;**wpa_supplicant** and **networkmanager** in #Step-3-:-Install-Base-System We only need to enable,start them.Then connect to our wifi network and continue with the installation process. **\*Enable & Start wpa_supplicant and networkmanager services** ``` # sudo systemctl is-enable wpa_supplicant.service # sudo systemctl enable wpa_supplicant.service # sudo systemctl start wpa_supplicant.service # sudo systemctl status wpa_supplicant.service ``` ``` # sudo systemctl is-enable networkmanager.service # sudo systemctl enable networkmanager.service # sudo systemctl start networkmanager.service # sudo systemctl status networkmanager.service ``` If the status of the 2 services above is "running".Then we can connect our wifi again `nmcli` is the command line client for networkmanager **List nearby wireless networks** ``` # nmcli device wifi list ``` If your network is listed among the above;then **connect to a wireless network** ``` # nmcli device wifi <SSID> password <SSID_PASSWORD> ``` where SSID -> your wifi name and SSID_PASSWORD -> your wifi password Sometimes your wifi could be hidden hence it won't show up in the list. If that is the case then ``` # nmcli device wifi connect <SSID> password <SSID_PASSWORD> hidden yes ``` Am assuming if you are able to get through #Step-1-:-Connect-to-internet-from-install-disk/usb then the above is easier. ### Step 10 : Configure your installation Now that you have reconected to the internet(ping to verify),you can continue configuring you installation. **Edit file hosts** ``` # sudo nano /etc/hosts ``` Change the above file to ``` 127.0.0.1 localhost :: localhost 127.0.0.1 <your_hostname>.localdomain <your_hostname> ``` Replace anything within the angle brackets inclusive. **Add multilib Repo** ``` # nano /etc/pacman.conf ``` Uncomment the `multilib` repo. **sync repos** ``` # sudo pacman -Syy ``` You should also see the multilib repo syncing just like it peers `Core`,`Extra` etc **Optimize the mirrors** Am skipping this one till we have login out desktop environment;xfce **Install GUI Server** ``` # sudo pacman -S xorg-server xorg-xinit xorg-xrandr xf86-video-intel xf86-input-synaptics ``` **Install some important packages** ``` # sudo pacman -S gvfs dkms xdg-users-dir fuse2 haveged git ntfs-3g ``` **Install the Display Manager & Desktop Environment** ``` # sudo pacman lightdm lighdm-gtk-greeter xfce4 xfc4-goodies ``` **Configure Display Manager(lightdm)** ``` # sudo nano /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf ``` Change these settings ``` greeter-session=lightdm-gtk-greeter user-session=xfce4-session ``` **Enable the LightDM Service** ``` # sudo systemctl is-enabled lightdm.service # sudo systemctl enable lightdm.service ``` **Verify that Graphical Target is the Default** If not then set it to be the default one ``` # sudo systemctl get-default ``` You can skip the below step if the above command return graphical target ``` # sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target ``` **Verify the enabled service** ``` # sudo systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled ``` **Reboot your system and login using your sudo user credentials** ``` # reboot ``` **NOTE** I have skipped the installation for audio drivers and others,this could be done once desktop environment is up and running.